One Hundred and Ten Buddhas, and Tranquil Sound
The night-deva retells the whole of her account in thirty-eight and a half stanzas, naming one hundred and ten buddhas across eleven groups of ten. She then closes what belongs to her own portion alone, and sends Sudhana onward, within this very same bodhimaṇḍa, to the night-deva Tranquil Sound. This closes the fourth teacher of the Ten Grounds, the Ground of Blazing Light.
Thirty-Eight and a Half Stanzas: One Hundred and Ten Buddhas
爾時,妙德救護眾生夜天欲重明此義,以偈頌曰:
「善財應諦聽, 甚深難見法,
普照於三世, 分別深法界。
如我初發心, 專求無上道,
隨所得法門, 諦聽我今說。
過去久遠世, 佛剎微塵劫,
爾時有一劫, 名離垢圓滿。
時有世界名, 明淨妙德幢,
須彌微塵等, 如來出興世。
初佛妙德幢, 二普慧光焰,
法幢德須彌, 第四師子佛,
第五寂靜王, 六號除滅惡,
第七功德聚, 第八須彌山,
第九妙德佛, 第十明淨月,
如是十如來, 彼劫初出世。
次復有十佛, 初虛空方便,
第二普光明, 三安住諸方,
第四功德海, 第五高無上,
第六最勝雲, 第七功德佛,
第八光焰山, 第九蓮華佛,
第十法界化, 是為第二十。
初光明幢王, 第二智慧佛,
第三心義佛, 因陀羅妙德,
第五妙天佛, 第六勇猛王,
第七智慧德, 第八光明幢,
第九如來號, 超出一切世,
第十蓮華佛, 是為第三十。
第一光焰山, 第二功德海,
第三法光明, 第四妙蓮華,
第五眾生眼, 第六香光明,
七妙德寶山, 八乾闥婆王,
第九明淨智, 第十寂靜色。
初佛光智慧, 第二寶光明,
三虛空妙德, 第四妙相佛,
圓滿功德光, 第六那羅延,
第七妙須彌, 八功德轉輪,
九不可壞王, 第十寶山佛。
初佛娑羅王, 第二妙德藏,
第三光明王, 第四真實起,
第五光明德, 六陀羅尼德,
七光明甚深, 八法海音佛,
第九須彌幢, 光明妙德佛,
寶光焰如來, 是為第十佛。
初佛梵光焰, 第二虛空音,
第三法界光, 第四圓滿光,
第五分別光, 第六光明幢,
第七虛空燈, 第八樂妙德,
第九明淨光, 妙功德如來,
十寂靜妙德, 大悲雲如來。
初佛力光慧, 二眾生現前,
第三無上福, 第四妙德光,
第五法起佛, 六風速妙德,
第七淨幢佛, 第八寶蓋佛,
第九妙德佛, 十普照三世。
初佛號願海, 第二光明德,
第三金剛身, 四須彌妙德,
第五正念佛, 六幢王妙德,
第七智慧燈, 第八無量寶,
第九號方便, 明淨法界佛,
第十號法海, 明淨智妙德。
初佛號法寶, 功德轉輪王,
第三功德雲, 第四忍辱燈,
第五寂靜音, 第六寂靜幢,
第七眾生燈, 第八大願佛,
第九如來號, 不可壞幢王,
第十號智慧, 焰起妙德佛。
初佛號法王, 第二無礙智,
三照語言海, 第四妙音聲,
第五妙德音, 第六自在佛,
七十方一切, 眾生現前佛,
第八平等意, 九無上如來,
第十號自然, 賢妙德最勝。
如是等一切, 須彌塵數佛,
彼諸如來等, 我已悉供養,
佛剎微塵劫, 所出諸如來,
悉恭敬供養, 逮得此法門,
我於無量劫, 修行得法門,
善財聞思惟, 應當速究竟,」
At that time, the night-deva Sublime Virtue, Rescuing and Protecting Sentient Beings, wishing to make this meaning clear once more, spoke this hymn in verse:
"Sudhana, you should listen carefully to this profound Dharma so difficult to behold,
universally illumining the three times, discerning the profound Dharma-realm.
As I first raised the mind, single-mindedly seeking the unsurpassed path,
according to the Dharma-gate I attained, listen carefully now as I speak of it.
In ages long past, kalpas as numerous as motes of dust in every buddha-land ago,
at that time there was a kalpa, named Stainless Perfection.
At that time there was a world named Bright, Pure Sublime-Virtue Banner,
in which tathāgatas as numerous as motes of dust on Mount Sumeru arose in the world.
The first buddha was Sublime-Virtue Banner; the second, Universal Wisdom's Blazing Light;
the third, Banner of the Dharma, Virtue of Sumeru; the fourth, the Lion Buddha;
the fifth, the Tranquil King; the sixth, named Extinguishing Evil;
the seventh, Gathering of Merit; the eighth, Sumeru Mountain;
the ninth, the Sublime-Virtue Buddha; the tenth, Bright, Pure Moon —
such were the ten tathāgatas who first arose in that kalpa.
Next there were ten more buddhas: the first, Skillful Means of Space;
the second, Universal Light; the third, Abiding Securely in Every Direction;
the fourth, Ocean of Merit; the fifth, Lofty and Unsurpassed;
the sixth, Supreme Cloud; the seventh, the Merit Buddha;
the eighth, Blazing-Light Mountain; the ninth, the Lotus Buddha;
the tenth, Transformation of the Dharma-Realm — these were the twentieth and those before.
The first, King of the Banner of Light; the second, the Wisdom Buddha;
the third, the Buddha of the Meaning of Mind; the fourth, Indra's Own Sublime Virtue;
the fifth, the Sublime Heavenly Buddha; the sixth, the Valiant King;
the seventh, the Virtue of Wisdom; the eighth, the Banner of Light;
the ninth tathāgata was named Surpassing Every World; the tenth, the Lotus Buddha —
these were the thirtieth and those before.
The first, Blazing-Light Mountain; the second, Ocean of Merit;
the third, the Light of the Dharma; the fourth, the Sublime Lotus Flower;
the fifth, the Eye of Sentient Beings; the sixth, Fragrant Light;
the seventh, the Jeweled Mountain of Sublime Virtue; the eighth, King of the Gandharvas;
the ninth, Bright, Pure Wisdom; the tenth, the Tranquil Form.
The first, the Light of Wisdom; the second, Jeweled Light;
the third, the Sublime Virtue of Space; the fourth, the Buddha of Sublime Marks;
the fifth, the Perfect Light of Merit; the sixth, Nārāyaṇa;
the seventh, Sublime Sumeru; the eighth, the Wheel-Turner of Merit;
the ninth, the Indestructible King; the tenth, the Jeweled-Mountain Buddha.
The first, King of the Sāla Tree; the second, Treasury of Sublime Virtue;
the third, King of Light; the fourth, Arising of the Truth;
the fifth, the Virtue of Light; the sixth, the Virtue of Dhāraṇī;
the seventh, the Profound Depth of Light; the eighth, the Buddha of the Sound of the Ocean of Dharma;
the ninth, the Banner of Sumeru, the Buddha of the Light of Sublime Virtue;
and the Tathāgata of Jeweled, Blazing Light — this was the tenth buddha of this group.
The first, the Blazing Light of Brahmā; the second, the Sound of Space;
the third, the Light of the Dharma-Realm; the fourth, Perfect Light;
the fifth, Discerning Light; the sixth, the Banner of Light;
the seventh, the Lamp of Space; the eighth, the Joy of Sublime Virtue;
the ninth, Bright, Pure Light, the Tathāgata of Sublime Merit;
the tenth, Tranquil Sublime Virtue, the Tathāgata of the Cloud of Great Compassion.
The first, the Wisdom of the Light of Power; the second, Appearing Before Sentient Beings;
the third, Unsurpassed Merit; the fourth, the Light of Sublime Virtue;
the fifth, the Buddha of the Arising of the Dharma; the sixth, the Sublime Virtue of Wind's Own Speed;
the seventh, the Buddha of the Pure Banner; the eighth, the Buddha of the Jeweled Canopy;
the ninth, the Sublime-Virtue Buddha; the tenth, Universally Illumining the Three Times.
The first buddha was named Ocean of the Vow; the second, the Virtue of Light;
the third, the Vajra Body; the fourth, the Sublime Virtue of Sumeru;
the fifth, the Buddha of True Mindfulness; the sixth, the Sublime Virtue of the King of Banners;
the seventh, the Lamp of Wisdom; the eighth, Boundless Jewels;
the ninth was named Skillful Means, the Buddha of the Bright, Pure Dharma-Realm;
the tenth was named the Ocean of Dharma, the Sublime Virtue of Bright, Pure Wisdom.
The first buddha was named the Jewel of the Dharma, the Wheel-Turning King of Merit;
the third, the Cloud of Merit; the fourth, the Lamp of Forbearance;
the fifth, Tranquil Sound; the sixth, the Tranquil Banner;
the seventh, the Lamp of Sentient Beings; the eighth, the Buddha of the Great Vow;
the ninth tathāgata was named the Indestructible King of Banners;
the tenth was named Wisdom, the Buddha of the Sublime Virtue That Arises in Blazing Light.
The first buddha was named the King of the Dharma; the second, Unobstructed Wisdom;
the third, Illumining the Ocean of Language; the fourth, Sublime Sound;
the fifth, the Sound of Sublime Virtue; the sixth, the Sovereign Buddha;
the seventh, the Buddha Appearing Before Every Sentient Being of the Ten Directions;
the eighth, the Mind of Equality; the ninth, the Unsurpassed Tathāgata;
the tenth was named the Spontaneous One, Sage and Sublime Virtue, Most Supreme.
All such buddhas as these, as numerous as motes of dust on Mount Sumeru,
every one of these tathāgatas I have already made offering to entirely.
Throughout kalpas as numerous as motes of dust in every buddha-land, to every tathāgata who has arisen,
I have reverently made offering, and thereby attained this Dharma-gate.
Throughout boundless kalpas I have cultivated practice and attained this Dharma-gate;
Sudhana, having heard and contemplated it, should swiftly bring it to completion."
Fazang gives the full architecture of these thirty-eight and a half stanzas at once: 第二重頌中三十八頌半,初二頌與所得法門誡聽許說,餘正頌前文。於中,初二頌離垢劫中總數;二三十一頌半別顯,略列所供一百一十佛;三如是等下三頌結得法勸令速具 — "in the second part, the repeated verse of thirty-eight and a half stanzas: the first two stanzas urge attentive listening and grant permission regarding the Dharma-gate attained; the rest properly re-verses the preceding prose. Within this, the first two stanzas give the general count within the kalpa of Stainless Perfection; the next thirty-one and a half stanzas, in particular display, briefly list the one hundred and ten buddhas offered to; and the last three stanzas, beginning with 'all such buddhas as these,' conclude the Dharma attained and urge its swift completion." Every count matches exactly what this translation preserves in full: eleven groups of ten buddhas each, one hundred and ten names in total, none abbreviated.
Read against Part 75's prose account, this verse retells only the first kalpa — Stainless Perfection — and leaves the second kalpa, Great Light, and its five hundred buddhas entirely out of the retelling. The sūtra's own verse form, here as elsewhere in this collection, is selective rather than exhaustive: it re-sings the founding kalpa in full, by name, while trusting the prose already given to carry everything that came after.
A Ground Concluded, and a Referral to Tranquil Sound
「善男子!我唯知此教化眾生菩薩法門;諸大菩薩,究竟無量無邊菩薩所行悉從種種性海中起,種種正直身心,滿諸根海,具足一切諸大願門,修行無量諸三昧門,具足成就無量神力,修行無量智慧之行,入種種智,諸法光明,普照一切;我當云何能知、能說彼功德行?善男子!於此道場,去我不遠,有一夜天,名寂靜音,處寶幢蓮華藏師子之座,百萬阿僧祇諸天,眷屬圍遶。汝詣彼問云何菩薩學菩薩行、修菩薩道。」
時,善財童子頭面敬禮妙德救護眾生夜天足,遶無數匝,敬心辭退。
"Good son, I know only this Dharma-gate of teaching and transforming sentient beings; the great bodhisattvas, reaching the very end of the boundless, unbounded practice of the bodhisattva, all of it arising from the ocean of every kind of nature, every kind of upright body and mind, fulfilling the ocean of every faculty, fully endowed with every gate of the great vow, cultivating boundless gates of samādhi, fully accomplished in boundless spiritual power, cultivating the practice of boundless wisdom, entering every kind of wisdom, the light of every dharma, universally illumining all — how could I possibly know, how could I possibly speak of, such merit and practice as this? Good son, within this very bodhimaṇḍa, not far from me, there is a night-deva, named Tranquil Sound, seated upon a lion-throne of a jeweled-banner lotus-treasury, surrounded by a retinue of a million asaṃkhyeyas of devas. Go to her and ask how a bodhisattva learns the bodhisattva's own practice, cultivates the bodhisattva's own path."
At that time Sudhana the Boy reverently bowed his head at the night-deva Sublime Virtue, Rescuing and Protecting Sentient Beings' feet, circled her countless times, and, with a reverent heart, took his leave.
Fazang reads the closing ten clauses of self-limitation as a single map of a bodhisattva's own accomplishment, matching them one by one against the prose: 第五仰推中十句:初行廣、二悉從等行深、三正身心、四滿根海、五具願門、六具廣定、七成勝通、八修多智、九入證原、十結非己可知 — "in the fifth part, deferring upward [to a higher attainment], there are ten clauses: first, the vastness of the practice; second, that it all arises from an equally profound practice; third, upright body and mind; fourth, fulfilling the ocean of faculties; fifth, being endowed with the gate of vows; sixth, being endowed with vast concentration; seventh, accomplishing supreme spiritual powers; eighth, cultivating vast wisdom; ninth, entering the very source of realization; tenth, concluding what is not her own portion to know." He closes his commentary on this entire teacher with two words: 炎地竟 — "the Ground of Blazing Light is concluded." He also records, as he has for the teacher before this one, this Dharma-gate's own Sanskrit-derived name: 天竺本名現一切世間前教化眾生對見法門 — "in the Indian original, this is named the Dharma-gate of Manifesting Before Every World, Teaching and Transforming Sentient Beings Face to Face."
The referral itself needs no travel: teacher thirty-five, the night-deva Tranquil Sound, sits "within this very bodhimaṇḍa, not far from me" — the same buddha-assembly this teacher and the one before her have both taught from, now for a third time in a row. And Tranquil Sound is not a stranger to this account: Part 75 named her outright as the jeweled queen of the wheel-turning king who was Maitreya, the very mother-figure of the household whose story has filled the last six parts. Sudhana walks toward a teacher whose entire past he has, in a sense, already heard.
Part 76 Complete
This closes Parts 68–76 together, and with them the night-deva Sublime Virtue, Rescuing and Protecting Sentient Beings, fourth teacher of the Ten Grounds — the Ground of Blazing Light. Her episode opened with a brow-light samādhi revealing every world inside a single mote of dust, moved through a wheel-king's household in a kalpa named Stainless Perfection (a name her account shares with the very samādhi Sudhana received at its opening), a princess's offering that became a canopy foreshadowing Maitreya's own Tower still many teachers ahead, nine buddhas met across nine different bodies in a kalpa of Great Light, and closed with thirty-eight and a half stanzas naming one hundred and ten buddhas by name. The wheel-turning king of her account was revealed as Maitreya himself; the jeweled queen, as the very teacher Sudhana is sent to next. Sudhana is sent onward, within this same bodhimaṇḍa, to the night-deva named Tranquil Sound.
Continue to Part 77 — Tranquil Sound →