Fascicle 2
Arousing the awakening-mind, the vow, and the dedication《慈悲道場懺法》卷第二
Having confessed in Fascicle 1, the liturgy now turns outward: a visualization of compassion that widens from one's own family to fill all ten directions, a cascading sequence of vows extended to every living being without exception, and a dedication of merit that closes by naming specific bodhisattvas and exemplary figures as models for every class of person present at the rite.
- Chinese
- 《慈悲道場懺法》卷第二 — the second of ten fascicles of the Liang Huang Bao Chan.
- Covers
- Chapter 4, Arousing the Awakening-Mind (發菩提心); Chapter 5, Making the Vow (發願); and Chapter 6, Arousing the Mind of Dedication (發迴向心) — completing the six-chapter opening movement of the liturgy that began with refuge, doubt, and confession in Fascicle 1.
- Genre note
- Continuous liturgical prose meant to be recited, not narrative. The traditional chapter titles are preserved as this translation's section headings.
- A recurring formula
- As in Fascicle 1, short Buddha-name litanies close each unit here, changing in length and content each time rather than repeating a single fixed list. Each is translated in full. "We disciples" translates the ritual placeholder 某甲.
- Difficulty
- ★★☆☆☆ — more image-driven and less doctrinally technical than Fascicle 1; the visualization exercise in Chapter 4 and the closing roll call of named bodhisattvas in Chapter 6 are the two passages most worth reading slowly.
4. Arousing the Awakening-Mind發菩提心第四
今日道場同業大眾!相與已得洗浣心垢,十惡重障淨盡無餘。業累既遣內外俱潔,次應仰學菩薩修行直道,功德智慧由之而生,所以諸佛每歎發心。是道場能辦事故,唯願大眾各堅其志,莫以年命待時漏盡,勿令空去,後悔無益。相與今日值遇好時,不應日夜煩惱覆心,宜當努力發菩提心。菩提心者即是佛心,功德智慧不可格量,蓋論一念況復多念,假使歷劫修無量福,乃至今生備行餘善,不及發心萬分之一,算數譬喻亦不能盡。又有一人但作福德,不發菩提無上道心,譬如耕田不下種子,既無其芽何處求實?以是義故,須發菩提心因緣為證,上報佛恩下拔一切。所以佛讚諸天子言:「善哉善哉!如汝所說。為欲利益一切眾生發菩提心,是為第一供養如來。又發菩提心非止一過,唯應數發,令菩提心相續不斷。」是以經言「於那由他河沙佛所發大善願」,是知發心其數無量。又發菩提心,但遇善知識便得心發,未必皆須值佛出世。如文殊師利始向菩提,乃因女人以發初心。慧式不惟凡品輕標心志,實由渴仰大乘、貪求佛法,依倚諸經取譬世事,怨親無差、六道一相,願因斯善俱得解脫。若同信解,知非戲論。 今日道場同業大眾!發菩提心必須起想,先緣所親,繫念之時念己父母師長眷屬,又念地獄餓鬼畜生,又念諸天諸仙一切善神,又念人道一切人類,有受苦者當云何救?見已起想應作是念:唯有大心能拔彼苦。若一想成應作二想,二想成已應作三想,三想成已滿一室想,一室成已滿一由旬,一由旬滿已滿閻浮提,閻浮提滿已滿三天下,如是漸廣滿十方界,見東方眾生盡是其父,西方眾生盡是其母,南方眾生悉是其兄,北方眾生悉是其弟,下方眾生悉是姊妹,上方眾生悉是師長,其餘四維悉是沙門婆羅門等。見已作念:若受苦時自作我想,詣諸人所調身按摩,誓拔其苦。得解脫已為其說法,讚佛讚法讚菩薩眾。作是讚已心生歡喜,見其受樂如己無異。今日道場同業大眾!發菩提心應當如是,不捨於苦而度眾生。相與人人等一痛切,五體投地心念口言作是誓願:某甲等從今日去乃至道場,於其中間在所生處,值善知識,常發無上菩提之心。若在三途及墮八難,常使憶念發菩提心,令菩提心相續不斷一拜。 今日道場同業大眾!當起勇猛之心殷重誓願發菩提心,等一痛切五體投地,歸依世間大慈悲父。 南無彌勒佛 南無釋迦牟尼佛 南無勇施佛 南無清淨佛 南無清淨施佛 南無娑留那佛 南無水天佛 南無堅德佛 南無旃檀功德佛 南無無量菊光佛 南無光德佛 南無無憂德佛 南無那羅延佛 南無功德華佛 南無堅勇精進菩薩 南無金剛慧菩薩 南無無邊身菩薩 南無觀世音菩薩 又復歸依十方盡虛空界一切三寶。某甲等今於十方一切三寶前發菩提心,從今已去乃至道場,行菩薩道誓不退還,恒作度脫眾生心、恒作安立眾生心、恒作覆護眾生心,眾生不得佛者,誓不先取正覺。仰願十方一切諸佛、大地菩薩、一切賢聖現為我證,令某甲等一切行願皆悉成就。 今日道場同業大眾!設使歷劫行多種善,乃得人天華報,未得出世實果,壽終福盡還墮惡趣,身壞苦逼不能自免;自非立弘誓願發廣大心,無由永離生死衰惱。相與今日唯當緣念諸佛,起堅固志發菩提心。發心功德不可稱量,諸佛菩薩說不能盡,如是善力不可思議,豈得不至心學在一意。《大集經》言「譬如百年闇室,一燈能破。」勿謂一念心輕而不努力。相與胡跪一心合掌,遍緣十方一切三寶,心念口言:某甲等今於十方一切諸佛前、於十方一切尊法前、於十方一切菩薩前、於十方一切賢聖前,胡跪合掌直心正念,起殷重心、不放逸心、安住心、樂善心、度一切心、覆護一切心、等諸佛心,發菩提心。某甲等從今日去至坐道場,不著人天心、不起聲聞心、不起辟支佛心,唯起大乘心、求一切種智心、成就阿耨多羅三藐三菩提心。唯願十方盡虛空界一切諸佛、大地菩薩、一切聖人,以本願力現為我證、以慈悲力加助攝受,令某甲等今日發心,在所生處堅固不退,若在三途及墮八難,於三界中受種種身、受種種苦難堪難忍,誓不以苦故退失今日大心。寧入無間大火輪中受種種苦,誓不以苦故退失今日大心,此心此願等諸佛心、同諸佛願。重復至誠頂禮三寶。 某甲等從今已去至于成佛,不捨二法,知一切法空,不捨一切眾生。相與至心等一痛切,五體投地心念口言:某甲等不為自身求無上菩提,為救濟一切眾生取無上菩提。從今已去至于成佛,誓當荷負無量無邊一切眾生,起大慈悲盡未來際。眾生若有三途重罪、六趣厄難,某甲等誓不避眾苦以身救護,令此眾生得安隱地。唯憑十方盡虛空界一切諸佛。 南無彌勒佛 南無釋迦牟尼佛 南無蓮華光遊戲神通佛 南無財功德佛 南無德念佛 南無善名功德佛 南無紅焰幢王佛 南無善遊步功德佛 南無寶華遊步佛 南無寶蓮華善住娑羅樹王佛 南無鬪戰勝佛 南無善遊步佛 南無周匝莊嚴功德佛 南無棄陰蓋菩薩 南無寂根菩薩 南無無邊身菩薩 南無觀世音菩薩 願以大慈悲力現為我證,令某甲等今日發菩提心行菩薩道,在所生處具足成就,所到之地一切解脫。重復至誠五體投地,頂禮十方一切三寶一拜。 某甲等不為自身求無上菩提,為度十方一切眾生取無上菩提。從今已去至于成佛,若有眾生愚癡黑闇、不識正法起諸異見者,復有眾生雖修道行不達法相者,如此眾生乃至未來,某甲等誓以佛力法力賢聖力,種種方便令入佛慧,令此眾生具足成就一切種智。相與至心等一痛切五體投地,歸依十方盡虛空界一切諸佛。 南無彌勒佛 南無釋迦牟尼佛 南無普光佛 南無普明佛 南無普淨佛 南無多摩羅跋旃檀香佛 南無旃檀光佛 南無摩尼幢佛 南無歡喜藏摩尼寶積佛 南無一切世間樂見上大精進佛 南無摩尼幢燈光佛 南無慧炬照佛 南無海德光明佛 南無金剛牢強普散金光佛 南無大強精進勇猛佛 南無大悲光佛 南無慈力王佛 南無慈藏佛 南無慧上菩薩 南無常不離世菩薩 南無無邊身菩薩 南無觀世音菩薩 仰願諸佛諸大菩薩大慈悲力、大智慧力、不思議力、無量自在力、降伏四魔力、斷除五蓋力、滅諸煩惱力、無量清淨業塵力、無量開發觀智力、無量開發無漏慧力、無量無邊神通力、無量度脫眾生力、無量覆護眾生力、無量安隱眾生力、無量斷除苦惱力、無量解脫地獄力、無量濟度餓鬼力、無量救拔畜生力、無量攝化阿脩羅力、無量攝受人道力、無量盡諸天諸仙漏力、具足莊嚴十地力、具足莊嚴淨土力、具足莊嚴道場力、具足莊嚴佛果功德力、具足莊嚴佛果智慧力、具足莊嚴法身力、具足莊嚴無上菩提力、具足莊嚴大涅槃力、無量無盡功德力、無量無盡智慧力,以如是無量無邊自在不可思議力,不違本誓、不違本願,悉以施與十方一切四生六道及今日同發心者,必使皆得發心圓滿,具足成就諸功德力、具足成就菩提願力、具足成就菩提行力。今日十方若幽若顯、若怨若親若非怨親,四生六道有緣無緣,窮未來際一切眾生,以此懺法永得清淨,在所生處同得如願,一向堅固心無退轉,等與如來俱成正覺。乃至後流一切眾生異於願界,皆悉令入大願海中,即得成就功德智慧,同諸菩薩滿十地行,具足一切種智,莊嚴無上菩提,究竟解脫一拜。
Today, the assembly gathered together in this common practice — together we have already washed away the defilement of the mind, and the heavy obstruction of the ten evils is entirely purified, without remainder. Now that the burden of karma has been dispelled and we are pure both within and without, we should next look up and learn the bodhisattvas' own direct path of practice, from which merit and wisdom are born — and this is why the Buddhas constantly praise the arousing of this mind. Since this very rite is capable of accomplishing such a thing, we pray only that this assembly, each of us, may hold our resolve firm, and not wait until our years and our allotted span run out, letting this chance pass in vain — regret afterward will do no good. We together, today, have met with this excellent occasion, and should not let affliction cover our minds day and night, but should strive diligently to arouse the awakening-mind. The awakening-mind is precisely the Buddha's own mind, its merit and wisdom beyond all measure or comparison — and this is said of a single thought alone, how much more, then, of many thoughts! Even if one were to cultivate immeasurable merit across many kalpas, even performing every remaining good deed in this present life, it would still not equal one ten-thousandth part of arousing this mind — no number or metaphor could ever exhaust the difference. And there is another kind of person who only performs meritorious deeds, without arousing the unsurpassed mind of awakening — this is like tilling a field without sowing any seed: with no sprout, where is the fruit to be found? For this reason, one must arouse the awakening-mind as the very cause and condition that serves as its proof, repaying the Buddha's kindness above and delivering all beings below. This is why the Buddha praised the sons of the gods, saying: "Excellent, excellent! Just as you have said. To arouse the awakening-mind for the benefit of all living beings is the very first offering made to the Tathāgata. And the arousing of the awakening-mind is not a single occurrence — one should arouse it again and again, so that it continues without ever being broken off." This is why the sūtra says, "At the feet of Buddhas as numerous as the sands of nayutas of rivers, they aroused this great and excellent vow" — and from this we know that the number of times the mind is aroused is without measure. Moreover, in arousing the awakening-mind, one need only encounter a good companion for the mind to arise — it is not always necessary to meet a Buddha appearing in the world. Consider how Mañjuśrī himself first turned toward awakening: it was through a woman that he first aroused this mind. It is not that this teaching sets its sight lightly on the ordinary — it is truly because of a thirsting admiration for the Great Vehicle, a hungry seeking after the Buddha-dharma, drawing on the sūtras and taking worldly affairs as its illustration, that friend and enemy make no difference, and the six destinies are seen as one and the same, so that through this very goodness all may attain liberation together. Whoever shares in this same faith and understanding will know that this is no idle talk. Today, the assembly gathered together in this common practice — arousing the awakening-mind requires first giving rise to a visualization, beginning with those closest to us. In the time we hold this thought in mind, we should think of our own parents, teachers, and kin; then think of those in the hells, among the hungry ghosts, and among the animals; then think of the gods, the immortals, and every good spirit; and then think of every kind of person in the human realm — and for whoever is undergoing suffering among them, how should we save them? Having seen this, we should give rise to this very thought: only the great mind can draw out their suffering. Once this single visualization is accomplished, form a second; once the second is accomplished, form a third; once the third is accomplished, let it fill a single room; once it fills a room, let it fill a single yojana; once a yojana is filled, let it fill all of Jambudvīpa; once Jambudvīpa is filled, let it fill the three continents; and expanding it gradually in this way, let it fill the ten directions entirely — seeing that the beings of the east are all one's own father, the beings of the west are all one's own mother, the beings of the south are all one's own elder brothers, the beings of the north are all one's own younger brothers, the beings below are all one's own sisters, the beings above are all one's own teachers, and the beings of the remaining four intermediate directions are all monks and brahmins. Having seen this, give rise to this thought: whenever they undergo suffering, regard it as one's own suffering, go to each of them, tend and massage their bodies, and vow to draw out their suffering. Once they are freed, teach them the Dharma, praising the Buddha, praising the Dharma, and praising the assembly of bodhisattvas. Having offered this praise, let joy arise in the mind, seeing their happiness exactly as though it were one's own. Today, the assembly gathered together in this common practice — this is how one should arouse the awakening-mind: without avoiding suffering in order to deliver living beings. Let us together, every one of us, with this same anguish of resolve, prostrate ourselves fully to the ground, and speak with mind and voice, making this vow: we disciples, from this day forward, even to the very seat of awakening, wherever we are born in the meantime, may we encounter good companions, and constantly arouse the unsurpassed awakening-mind; and should we fall among the three evil paths or into any of the eight adverse conditions, may we still constantly be made to recollect and arouse the awakening-mind, so that this awakening-mind may continue without ever being broken off. One bow. Today, the assembly gathered together in this common practice — we should arouse a courageous mind and, with earnest and solemn vows, arouse the awakening-mind. Together, with this same anguish of resolve, let us prostrate ourselves fully to the ground, and take refuge in the great and compassionate father of the world. Homage to the Buddha Maitreya. Homage to the Buddha Śākyamuni. Homage to the Buddha of Courageous Giving. Homage to the Buddha of Purity. Homage to the Buddha of Pure Giving. Homage to the Buddha Varuṇa. Homage to the Buddha of the Water-Devas. Homage to the Buddha of Firm Virtue. Homage to the Buddha of Sandalwood Merit. Homage to the Buddha of Boundless Chrysanthemum Radiance. Homage to the Buddha of Radiant Virtue. Homage to the Buddha of Sorrowless Virtue. Homage to the Buddha Nārāyaṇa. Homage to the Buddha of the Flower of Merit. Homage to the Bodhisattva of Firm and Courageous Diligence. Homage to the Bodhisattva of Vajra Wisdom. Homage to the Bodhisattva of Boundless Body. Homage to the Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara. We further take refuge in all the Three Jewels throughout the ten directions and the whole reach of empty space. We disciples now, before all the Three Jewels of the ten directions, arouse the awakening-mind, and from this day forward, even to the very seat of awakening, we vow to walk the bodhisattva path and never turn back, constantly holding a mind that delivers living beings, constantly holding a mind that establishes living beings in safety, and constantly holding a mind that shelters and protects living beings — and should living beings fail to attain buddhahood, we vow never to accept true awakening for ourselves first. We look up and pray that all the Buddhas, great bodhisattvas, and sages of the ten directions may now bear witness for us, so that every practice and vow of ours, the disciples, may be entirely fulfilled. Today, the assembly gathered together in this common practice — even supposing one practiced many kinds of goodness across many kalpas, one would only attain the flowering reward of birth among humans and gods, not the true fruit that transcends the world, and when that life ends and its merit is exhausted, one falls back into an evil destiny, the body destroyed and suffering pressing in, with no escape of one's own. Unless one establishes a great vow and arouses a vast mind, there is no way to leave behind, once and for all, the decline and affliction of birth and death. Let us together, today, do nothing but hold the Buddhas in mind, arousing a firm resolve to give rise to the awakening-mind. The merit of arousing this mind cannot be measured or reckoned — even the Buddhas and bodhisattvas cannot exhaust it in speech — such a wholesome power is truly inconceivable. How, then, could we fail to apply our whole mind to this single point? The Mahāsaṃnipāta Sūtra says: "It is like a room darkened for a hundred years — a single lamp can dispel it." Do not think a single thought too slight a thing to be worth the effort. Let us together kneel with palms joined, our single mind reaching out to all the Three Jewels of the ten directions, and speak with mind and voice: we disciples, now before all the Buddhas of the ten directions, before all the venerable Dharma of the ten directions, before all the bodhisattvas of the ten directions, and before all the sages of the ten directions, kneel with palms joined, our minds upright and rightly mindful, arousing an earnest mind, a mind free of heedlessness, a mind settled and abiding, a mind that delights in goodness, a mind that delivers all beings, a mind that shelters and protects all beings, a mind equal to the Buddhas' own — and we arouse the awakening-mind. We disciples, from this day forward, until we sit at the seat of awakening, shall not cling to the mind of humans or gods, shall not give rise to the mind of a disciple-hearer, and shall not give rise to the mind of a pratyekabuddha, but shall give rise only to the mind of the Great Vehicle, the mind that seeks omniscience, the mind that accomplishes unsurpassed, perfect awakening. We pray only that all the Buddhas, great bodhisattvas, and sages throughout the ten directions and the whole reach of empty space, by the power of their original vows, may now bear witness for us, and, by the power of compassion, extend their help and receive us, so that this awakening-mind we arouse today may remain firm, wherever we are born, and never retreat. Should we fall among the three evil paths or into any of the eight adverse conditions, receiving every kind of body within the three realms and undergoing every kind of suffering, hard to bear and hard to endure, we vow never, because of such suffering, to let this great mind we hold today fall away. Rather than lose it, we would gladly enter the great wheel of fire in the hell of unceasing torment and undergo every kind of suffering there; we vow never, because of such suffering, to let this great mind we hold today fall away — for this very mind, this very vow, is equal to the mind of the Buddhas, and one with the vow of the Buddhas. Once again, with utmost sincerity, we bow our heads to the Three Jewels. We disciples, from this day forward until we attain buddhahood, shall never abandon these two things: knowing that all dharmas are empty, and never abandoning any living being. Let us together, with sincere mind, in this same anguish of resolve, prostrate ourselves fully to the ground, and speak with mind and voice: we disciples do not seek unsurpassed awakening for our own sake, but take up unsurpassed awakening in order to save and relieve all living beings. From this day forward until we attain buddhahood, we vow to bear the weight of every living being without limit or measure, arousing great compassion to the very end of future time. Should any living being bear the grave faults of the three evil paths or the adversities of the six destinies, we, the disciples, vow never to shrink from any suffering, but to rescue and protect them with our own bodies, bringing these living beings to a place of peace and safety. We rely only on all the Buddhas throughout the ten directions and the whole reach of empty space. Homage to the Buddha Maitreya. Homage to the Buddha Śākyamuni. Homage to the Buddha Who Plays with Supernormal Power in the Radiance of the Lotus. Homage to the Buddha of the Merit of Wealth. Homage to the Buddha Who Is Mindful of Virtue. Homage to the Buddha of the Merit of a Good Name. Homage to the Buddha King of the Crimson Flame Banner. Homage to the Buddha of the Merit of Excellent Wandering. Homage to the Buddha Who Wanders Amid Jeweled Flowers. Homage to the Buddha King of the Sāla Tree, Well Established upon the Jeweled Lotus. Homage to the Buddha Victorious in Battle. Homage to the Buddha of Excellent Wandering. Homage to the Buddha of Merit Adorned All Around. Homage to the Bodhisattva Who Casts Off the Hindrances. Homage to the Bodhisattva of Tranquil Faculties. Homage to the Bodhisattva of Boundless Body. Homage to the Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara. We pray that, by the power of great compassion, they may now bear witness for us, so that we, the disciples, who today arouse the awakening-mind and walk the bodhisattva path, may attain complete fulfillment wherever we are born, and reach complete liberation wherever we go. Once again, with utmost sincerity, we prostrate ourselves fully to the ground, and bow our heads to all the Three Jewels of the ten directions. One bow. We disciples do not seek unsurpassed awakening for our own sake, but take up unsurpassed awakening in order to deliver every living being throughout the ten directions. From this day forward until we attain buddhahood, should there be living beings sunk in the darkness of foolishness, not recognizing the true Dharma and giving rise to every kind of deviant view, or living beings who, though they practice the path, fail to penetrate the true nature of things — for such beings, even into the future, we, the disciples, vow to use the power of the Buddha, the power of the Dharma, and the power of the sages, through every kind of skillful means, to lead them into the Buddha's own wisdom, so that these living beings may fully attain and accomplish omniscience. Let us together, with sincere mind, in this same anguish of resolve, prostrate ourselves fully to the ground, and take refuge in all the Buddhas throughout the ten directions and the whole reach of empty space. Homage to the Buddha Maitreya. Homage to the Buddha Śākyamuni. Homage to the Buddha of Universal Radiance. Homage to the Buddha of Universal Brightness. Homage to the Buddha of Universal Purity. Homage to the Buddha of Tamālapattra-Candana Fragrance. Homage to the Buddha of Sandalwood Radiance. Homage to the Buddha of the Maṇi-Jewel Banner. Homage to the Buddha of the Store of Joy, the Maṇi-Jewel Accumulation. Homage to the Buddha of Great Diligence, Joyfully Beheld as Supreme by All the World. Homage to the Buddha of the Lamplight of the Maṇi-Jewel Banner. Homage to the Buddha Illumined by the Torch of Wisdom. Homage to the Buddha of the Radiance of Ocean Virtue. Homage to the Buddha Whose Vajra-Firm Golden Light Spreads Universally. Homage to the Buddha of Great and Powerful, Courageous Diligence. Homage to the Buddha of the Radiance of Great Compassion. Homage to the Buddha King of the Power of Loving-Kindness. Homage to the Buddha Treasury of Loving-Kindness. Homage to the Bodhisattva of Supreme Wisdom. Homage to the Bodhisattva Who Never Leaves the World. Homage to the Bodhisattva of Boundless Body. Homage to the Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara. We look up and pray that the Buddhas and great bodhisattvas, by the power of their great compassion, by the power of their great wisdom, by their inconceivable power, by their power of boundless mastery, by their power to subdue the four demons, by their power to cut off the five hindrances, by their power to extinguish every affliction, by their power over the immeasurable dust of pure karma, by their power to open immeasurable contemplative wisdom, by their power to open immeasurable undefiled wisdom, by their immeasurable and boundless supernormal power, by their power to deliver immeasurable living beings, by their power to shelter and protect immeasurable living beings, by their power to bring immeasurable living beings to peace, by their power to cut off immeasurable suffering and affliction, by their power to liberate beings from the immeasurable hells, by their power to relieve immeasurable hungry ghosts, by their power to rescue immeasurable animals, by their power to gather and transform immeasurable asuras, by their power to receive and gather the immeasurable human realm, by their power to exhaust the defilements of immeasurable gods and immortals, by their power to fully adorn the ten grounds, by their power to fully adorn the pure lands, by their power to fully adorn the seat of awakening, by their power to fully adorn the merit of buddhahood's fruit, by their power to fully adorn the wisdom of buddhahood's fruit, by their power to fully adorn the Dharma-body, by their power to fully adorn unsurpassed awakening, by their power to fully adorn the great nirvāṇa, by their immeasurable and inexhaustible power of merit, and by their immeasurable and inexhaustible power of wisdom — by all such immeasurable, boundless, sovereign, and inconceivable power, not going against their original vow, not going against their original oath, may they bestow it entirely upon every being of the four modes of birth and six destinies throughout the ten directions, and upon all who today arouse the awakening-mind together with us, so that all may without fail bring their arousing of this mind to complete fulfillment, fully accomplishing the power of every merit, fully accomplishing the power of the awakening-vow, and fully accomplishing the power of awakening-conduct. Today, whether hidden or manifest, whether enemy or friend or neither enemy nor friend, whether connected to us by karmic affinity or not, among all the four modes of birth and six destinies, to the very limit of future time — may every living being, through this rite of confession, attain lasting purity, and, wherever they are born, likewise attain what they wish, their mind firm and steadfast without ever retreating, until they accomplish true and equal awakening together with the Tathāgatas. And should any living being, in the current that follows, differ from this realm of vow, may they too all be brought into the great ocean of this vow, and thereby accomplish merit and wisdom, fulfilling the practice of the ten grounds together with the bodhisattvas, fully attaining omniscience, adorning unsurpassed awakening, and reaching complete liberation. One bow.
The concentric visualization at the center of this chapter — starting with one's own family, then the suffering of the six destinies, then expanding room by room, yojana by yojana, continent by continent, until the ten directions are filled with beings recast as one's own father, mother, siblings, and teachers — is a concrete meditative technique rather than a metaphor, structurally similar to the classical Buddhist practice of radiating loving-kindness outward in ever-widening circles. Its stated purpose is to make universal compassion feel literally like family feeling rather than an abstract ethical principle, which is precisely the effect the chapter tries to produce before the vows that follow ask the practitioner to bear "the weight of every living being."
5. Making the Vow發願第五
今日道場同業大眾!相與已得發大心竟,喜踊無量。宜復應發如是大願,等一痛切五體投地,歸依世間大慈悲父。 南無彌勒佛 南無釋迦牟尼佛 南無旃檀窟莊嚴勝佛 南無賢善首佛 南無善意佛 南無廣莊嚴王佛 南無金剛華佛 南無寶蓋照空自在王佛 南無虛空寶華光佛 南無瑠璃莊嚴王佛 南無普現色身光佛 南無不動智光佛 南無降伏諸魔王佛 南無才光明佛 南無智慧勝佛 南無彌勒仙光佛 南無藥王菩薩 南無藥上菩薩 南無無邊身菩薩 南無觀世音菩薩 願以不思議力同加覆護,令某甲等所有誓願皆悉成就,在所生處常不忘失,究竟無上菩提,成等正覺一拜。各自心念口言:某甲等從今日去,願生生世世、在在處處,常得憶念發菩提心,令菩提心相續不斷。某甲等從今日去,願生生世世、在在處處,常得奉值無量無邊一切諸佛,常得供養,供養眾具皆悉滿足。某甲等從今日去,願生生世世、在在處處,常得護持大乘方等一切諸經,供養眾具皆悉滿足。某甲等從今日去,願生生世世、在在處處,常值十方無量無邊一切菩薩,供養眾具皆悉滿足。某甲等從今日去,願生生世世、在在處處,常值十方無量無邊一切賢聖,供養眾具皆悉滿足。某甲等從今日去,願生生世世、在在處處,常得奉報覆蔭慈恩,有所奉給隨心滿足。某甲等從今日去,願生生世世、在在處處,常得奉值和尚、阿闍梨,所應供養隨念滿足。某甲等從今日去,願生生世世、在在處處,常得奉值大力國王,共興三寶使不斷絕。某甲等從今日去,願生生世世、在在處處,常得莊嚴諸佛國土,無有三毒、八難之名。某甲等從今日去,願生生世世、在在處處,得四無礙智、具六神通,恒在現前常不忘失,以此教化一切眾生。相與至心等一痛切,五體投地,歸依世間大慈悲父。 南無彌勒佛 南無釋迦牟尼佛 南無世淨光佛 南無善寂月音妙尊智王佛 南無龍種上尊王佛 南無日月光佛 南無日月珠光佛 南無慧幡勝王佛 南無師子吼自在力王佛 南無妙音勝佛 南無常光幢佛 南無觀世燈佛 南無慧威燈王佛 南無法勝王佛 南無須彌光佛 南無須曼那華光佛 南無優曇鉢羅華殊勝佛 南無大慧力王佛 南無阿閦毘歡喜光佛 南無無量音聲王佛 南無山海慧自在通王佛 南無大通光佛 南無才光佛 南無金海光佛 南無一切法常滿王佛 南無大勢至菩薩 南無普賢菩薩 南無無邊身菩薩 南無觀世音菩薩 又復歸命如是十方盡虛空界一切三寶,願承諸佛諸、大菩薩、一切賢聖大悲心力,令某甲等所發誓願、所生之處隨心自在。某甲等從今日去,又願生生世世、在在處處,若有眾生見我身色即得解脫;若入地獄,一切地獄變為淨土,一切苦緣變為樂具,令諸眾生六根清淨,身心安樂如第三禪,斷諸疑網發初無漏。某甲等從今日去,願生生世世、在在處處。若有眾生得聞我聲,心即安隱、滅除罪垢,得陀羅尼解脫三昧,具足大忍辯才不斷,俱登法雲成等正覺。某甲等從今日去,願生生世世、在在處處,一切眾生得聞我名,皆悉歡喜得未曾有。若到三途,斷除眾苦;若在人天,盡諸有漏;所向自在,無不解脫。某甲等從今日去,願生生世世、在在處處,於一切眾生無有與奪之心、無有怨親之想,斷三毒根、離我我所,信樂大法、等行慈悲,一切和合猶如聖眾。某甲等從今日去,願生生世世、在在處處,於一切眾生心常平等猶如虛空,毀譽不動、怨親一相,入深廣心學佛智慧,等視眾生如羅睺羅,滿十住業得一子地,離於有無常行中道。相與至心等一痛切,五體投地,歸依世間大慈悲父。 南無彌勒佛 南無釋迦牟尼佛 南無寶海佛 南無寶英佛 南無寶成佛 南無寶光佛 南無寶幢幡佛 南無寶光明佛 南無阿閦佛 南無大光明佛 南無無量音佛 南無大名稱佛 南無得大安隱佛 南無正音聲佛 南無無限淨佛 南無月音佛 南無無限名稱佛 南無月光佛 南無無垢光佛 南無淨光佛 南無金剛藏菩薩 南無虛空藏菩薩 南無無邊身菩薩 南無觀世音菩薩 又復歸依如是十方盡虛空界一切三寶。 願某甲等與四生六道,以今懺悔發願功德因緣,從今日去至于菩提,行菩薩道無有疲厭,財法二施無有窮盡,智慧方便所作不空,隨根應病授以法藥,一切見聞同得解脫。某甲等又願從今日去乃至菩提,行菩薩道無諸留難,所到之處常能作大佛事、建立道場,得心自在、得法自在,一切三昧無不能入,開總持門顯示佛果,居法雲地注甘露雨,滅除眾生四種魔怨,使得清淨法身妙果。某甲等今日所有眾願,悉如十方諸大菩薩所發誓願,所有眾願悉如十方諸佛本時所發一切大願,廣大如法性、究竟如虛空。願某甲等得如所願滿菩提願,一切眾生皆悉隨從得如所願。仰願十方一切諸佛、一切尊法、一切菩薩、一切賢聖,以慈悲力現為我證。又願一切天主、一切仙主、一切善神、一切龍神,以擁護三寶慈善根力現為證知,令諸行願隨心自在一拜。
Today, the assembly gathered together in this common practice — together we have now finished arousing the great mind, and our joy leaps beyond measure. We should now further make vows such as these; together, with this same anguish of resolve, let us prostrate ourselves fully to the ground, and take refuge in the great and compassionate father of the world. Homage to the Buddha Maitreya. Homage to the Buddha Śākyamuni. Homage to the Buddha of Victorious Adornment in the Sandalwood Cave. Homage to the Buddha of the Worthy and Wholesome Head. Homage to the Buddha of Good Intention. Homage to the Buddha King of Vast Adornment. Homage to the Buddha of the Vajra Flower. Homage to the Buddha King of Sovereign Mastery, Illuminating Space with the Jeweled Canopy. Homage to the Buddha of the Radiance of the Jeweled Flower of Empty Space. Homage to the Buddha King of Lapis Lazuli Adornment. Homage to the Buddha of the Radiant Body Universally Manifest. Homage to the Buddha of the Unmoving Radiance of Wisdom. Homage to the Buddha King Who Subdues Every Demon King. Homage to the Buddha of Radiant Eloquence. Homage to the Buddha Victorious in Wisdom. Homage to the Buddha of Maitreya's Immortal Radiance. Homage to the Bodhisattva Medicine King. Homage to the Bodhisattva Supreme Medicine. Homage to the Bodhisattva of Boundless Body. Homage to the Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara. We pray that, by their inconceivable power, they may together extend their shelter and protection, so that every vow we, the disciples, have made may be entirely fulfilled, never forgotten wherever we are born, until we reach unsurpassed awakening and accomplish true and equal awakening. One bow. Let each of us speak with mind and voice: We disciples, from this day forward, vow that, in life after life, in every place, we may constantly recollect and arouse the awakening-mind, so that this awakening-mind may continue without ever being broken off. We disciples, from this day forward, vow that, in life after life, in every place, we may constantly encounter every Buddha without limit or measure, constantly make offerings to them, and that our offerings and the means to make them may always be complete. We disciples, from this day forward, vow that, in life after life, in every place, we may constantly uphold and protect every sūtra of the Great Vehicle's Vaipulya teachings, our offerings and the means to make them always complete. We disciples, from this day forward, vow that, in life after life, in every place, we may constantly encounter every bodhisattva throughout the ten directions without limit or measure, our offerings and the means to make them always complete. We disciples, from this day forward, vow that, in life after life, in every place, we may constantly encounter every sage throughout the ten directions without limit or measure, our offerings and the means to make them always complete. We disciples, from this day forward, vow that, in life after life, in every place, we may constantly be able to repay the kindness and shelter shown to us, whatever we offer in return fully satisfying our heart's wish. We disciples, from this day forward, vow that, in life after life, in every place, we may constantly encounter our preceptors and instructors, whatever offerings are due them fulfilled the moment we think of it. We disciples, from this day forward, vow that, in life after life, in every place, we may constantly encounter powerful kings, together causing the Three Jewels to flourish without ever letting them be cut off. We disciples, from this day forward, vow that, in life after life, in every place, we may constantly adorn the buddha-lands, so that not even the name of the three poisons or the eight adverse conditions exists there. We disciples, from this day forward, vow that, in life after life, in every place, we may attain the four unhindered forms of knowledge and be endowed with the six supernormal powers, always present before us and never forgotten, and use them to teach and transform every living being. Let us together, with sincere mind, in this same anguish of resolve, prostrate ourselves fully to the ground, and take refuge in the great and compassionate father of the world. Homage to the Buddha Maitreya. Homage to the Buddha Śākyamuni. Homage to the Buddha of the World's Pure Radiance. Homage to the Buddha King of Wondrous, Honored Wisdom, the Sound of the Well-Stilled Moon. Homage to the Buddha King, Most Honored of the Dragon Race. Homage to the Buddha of Sun-and-Moon Radiance. Homage to the Buddha of the Pearl-Light of Sun and Moon. Homage to the Buddha King Victorious in the Banner of Wisdom. Homage to the Buddha King of Sovereign Power, the Lion's Roar. Homage to the Buddha Victorious in Wondrous Sound. Homage to the Buddha of the Banner of Ever-Present Radiance. Homage to the Buddha, Lamp Who Beholds the World. Homage to the Buddha King, Lamp of Wisdom's Might. Homage to the Buddha King Victorious in Dharma. Homage to the Buddha of Sumeru's Radiance. Homage to the Buddha of the Radiance of the Sumanā Flower. Homage to the Buddha Supreme as the Udumbara Flower. Homage to the Buddha King of Great Wisdom's Power. Homage to the Buddha of Akṣobhya's Joyful Radiance. Homage to the Buddha King of Boundless Sound. Homage to the Buddha King of Sovereign Penetration, Wisdom Vast as Mountain and Sea. Homage to the Buddha of Great, Penetrating Radiance. Homage to the Buddha of Eloquent Radiance. Homage to the Buddha of the Golden Sea's Radiance. Homage to the Buddha King, Ever Fulfilling All Dharmas. Homage to the Bodhisattva Mahāsthāmaprāpta. Homage to the Bodhisattva Samantabhadra. Homage to the Bodhisattva of Boundless Body. Homage to the Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara. We further take refuge in all the Three Jewels throughout the ten directions and the whole reach of empty space in this way, praying that, relying on the power of the great compassionate mind of the Buddhas, the great bodhisattvas, and all the sages, the vows we, the disciples, have made may follow our heart's wish, wherever we are born. We disciples, from this day forward, further vow that, in life after life, in every place, should any living being see the color of our body, may they attain liberation at once; and should we enter the hells, may every hell be transformed into a pure land, and every condition of suffering transformed into an instrument of joy, causing every living being's six sense-faculties to become pure, their body and mind at peace as in the third dhyāna, cutting off every net of doubt and giving rise to their first taste of the undefiled. We disciples, from this day forward, vow that, in life after life, in every place, should any living being hear our voice, may their mind at once find peace, their defiling faults dissolved, attaining the dhāraṇī of liberation and samādhi, fully endowed with great patience and an eloquence that never falters, ascending together to the cloud of Dharma and accomplishing true and equal awakening. We disciples, from this day forward, vow that, in life after life, in every place, should every living being hear our name, may they all rejoice, attaining what they have never had before. Should they be in the three evil paths, may their every suffering be cut off; should they be among humans or gods, may every defilement be exhausted; wherever they turn, may they move freely, with nothing left unliberated. We disciples, from this day forward, vow that, in life after life, in every place, toward every living being, may we hold no mind of taking or giving, no notion of enemy or friend, cutting off the root of the three poisons, departing from self and what belongs to the self, believing and delighting in the Great Vehicle, practicing loving-kindness and compassion equally toward all, all in harmony together as though we were the noble assembly itself. We disciples, from this day forward, vow that, in life after life, in every place, toward every living being, may our mind remain constantly impartial, like empty space, unmoved by blame or praise, seeing enemy and friend as one and the same, entering a mind deep and vast to learn the Buddha's own wisdom, regarding every living being equally as Rāhula himself, fulfilling the ten abodes and attaining the ground of regarding all as an only child, departing from the extremes of existence and non-existence and walking always the middle way. Let us together, with sincere mind, in this same anguish of resolve, prostrate ourselves fully to the ground, and take refuge in the great and compassionate father of the world. Homage to the Buddha Maitreya. Homage to the Buddha Śākyamuni. Homage to the Buddha of the Jeweled Sea. Homage to the Buddha of the Jeweled Blossom. Homage to the Buddha of Jeweled Accomplishment. Homage to the Buddha of Jeweled Radiance. Homage to the Buddha of the Jeweled Banner and Streamer. Homage to the Buddha of Jeweled Brightness. Homage to the Buddha Akṣobhya. Homage to the Buddha of Great Brightness. Homage to the Buddha of Boundless Sound. Homage to the Buddha of Great Renown. Homage to the Buddha Who Has Attained Great Peace. Homage to the Buddha of True Sound. Homage to the Buddha of Boundless Purity. Homage to the Buddha of the Moon's Sound. Homage to the Buddha of Boundless Renown. Homage to the Buddha of Moonlight. Homage to the Buddha of Stainless Radiance. Homage to the Buddha of Pure Radiance. Homage to the Bodhisattva Vajragarbha. Homage to the Bodhisattva Ākāśagarbha. Homage to the Bodhisattva of Boundless Body. Homage to the Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara. We further take refuge in all the Three Jewels throughout the ten directions and the whole reach of empty space in this way. We pray that we, the disciples, together with every being of the four modes of birth and six destinies, through the merit and causes and conditions of this confession and vow, may, from this day forward until we reach awakening, walk the bodhisattva path without ever growing weary, our giving of both wealth and Dharma never coming to an end, our wisdom and skillful means never acting in vain, prescribing the medicine of the Dharma according to each being's faculties and affliction, so that everything seen and heard leads equally to liberation. We disciples further vow that, from this day forward until we reach awakening, we may walk the bodhisattva path without any obstacle, wherever we go always able to perform the Buddha's own great work and establish this very rite, attaining mastery of mind and mastery of the Dharma, able to enter every samādhi without exception, opening the gate of total retention to reveal the fruit of buddhahood, dwelling in the ground of the Dharma-cloud and pouring down the rain of ambrosia, extinguishing the four kinds of demonic enmity that afflict living beings, and bringing them to the pure and wondrous fruit of the Dharma-body. Every vow we, the disciples, hold today is entirely the same as the vows made by all the great bodhisattvas of the ten directions, and entirely the same as every great vow originally made by all the Buddhas of the ten directions — vast as the very nature of dharmas, ultimate as empty space itself. We pray that we, the disciples, may attain the fulfillment of the awakening-vow just as we have wished it, and that every living being may likewise follow along and attain what they have wished. We look up and pray that all the Buddhas, all the venerable Dharma, all the bodhisattvas, and all the sages of the ten directions may, by the power of compassion, now bear witness for us. We further pray that every lord among the gods, every lord among the immortals, every good spirit, and every dragon-spirit, by the power of their wholesome roots in protecting the Three Jewels, may now bear witness and understand this, so that every practice and vow may follow our heart's wish, freely and without hindrance. One bow.
Nearly every vow in this chapter follows the same grammatical shape — "we disciples, from this day forward, vow that, in life after life, in every place..." — a structural repetition that this translation preserves rather than varies, since the cumulative, almost incantatory effect of the repeated phrase is part of how the chapter functions as a chant rather than as connected prose argument. Worth noticing, too, is how many of these vows are framed around what other beings will experience upon meeting the practitioner — seeing their form, hearing their voice, hearing their name — rather than what the practitioner will personally attain, a pattern consistent with this liturgy's broader tendency to route even self-directed aspiration through its effect on others.
6. Arousing the Mind of Dedication發迴向心第六
今日道場同業大眾!已發菩提心竟、已發大誓願竟,次應發迴向心。相與至心等一痛切,五體投地,歸依世間大慈悲父。 南無彌勒佛 南無釋迦牟尼佛 南無日光佛 南無無量寶佛 南無蓮華最尊佛 南無身尊佛 南無金光佛 南無梵自在王佛 南無金光明佛 南無金海佛 南無龍自在王佛 南無一切華香自在王佛 南無樹王佛 南無勇猛執持牢仗棄捨戰鬪佛 南無內豐珠光佛 南無無量香光明佛 南無文殊師利菩薩 南無妙音菩薩 南無無邊身菩薩 南無觀世音菩薩 又復歸依十方盡虛空界一切三寶,願以慈悲力現為我證。某甲等願過去所起一切善業、現前所起一切善業、未來當起一切善業,若多若少、若輕若重,悉以迴施四生六道一切眾生,令諸眾生皆得道心,不向二乘、不向三有,同共迴向無上菩提。又願一切眾生所起善業,若過去、若現在、若未來,各各迴施,不向二乘、不向三有,同共迴向無上菩提。今日道場同業大眾!相與發菩提心竟、發大誓願竟、發迴向心竟,廣大如法性、究竟如虛空,去來現在一切諸佛、諸大菩薩、一切賢聖皆為證明。重復至誠頂禮三寶一拜。某甲等發心發願其事已畢,喜踊無量,重復至心五體投地,奉為: 國王帝主、父母師長,歷劫親緣一切眷屬、善惡知識,諸天諸仙、護世四王,主善罰惡守護持呪五方龍王、龍神八部一切靈祇,過去現在窮未來際一切怨親及非怨親四生六道一切眾生,歸依世間大慈悲父。 南無彌勒佛 南無釋迦牟尼佛 南無師子嚮佛 南無大強精進勇力佛 南無過去堅住佛 南無鼓音王佛 南無日月英佛 南無超出眾華佛 南無世燈明佛 南無休多易寧佛 南無寶輪佛 南無常滅度佛 南無淨覺佛 南無無量寶華明佛 南無須彌步佛 南無寶蓮華佛 南無一切眾寶普集佛 南無法輪眾寶普集豐盈佛 南無樹王豐長佛 南無圍繞特尊德淨佛 南無無垢光佛 南無日光佛 又復歸依過去無數劫諸佛大師海德如來。 敬禮無量無邊盡虛空界無生法身菩薩。 敬禮無量無邊盡虛空界無漏色身菩薩。 敬禮無量無邊盡虛空界發心菩薩。 敬禮興正法馬鳴大師菩薩。 敬禮興像法龍樹大師菩薩。 敬禮十方盡虛空界無邊身菩薩。 敬禮十方盡虛空界救苦觀世音菩薩。 故號如來、應供、正遍知、明行足、善逝、世間解、無上士、調御丈夫、天人師、佛、世尊,度人無量、拔生死苦。以此發心功德因緣,仰願 當今皇帝舊云大梁皇帝、皇太子殿下、國家眷屬,從今日去至于道場,亡身為法如薩陀波崙,大悲滅罪如虛空藏,能遠聽法如瑠璃光,善解難法如無垢藏。又願某甲等所生父母、歷劫親緣,從今日去至于道場,散形空界如無邊身,具十功德如高貴德王,聞法歡喜猶如無畏,神力勇猛如大勢至。又願某甲等和尚、阿闍梨、同學眷屬、上中下座一切知識,從今日去至于道場,各得無畏如師子王,影響大化猶如寶積,聞聲濟苦如觀世音,善能諮問如大迦葉。又願某甲等出家在俗信施檀越、善惡知識各及眷屬,從今日去至于道場,解諸危厄猶如救脫,相貌端嚴猶如文殊,能捨業障如棄陰蓋,設最後供等於純陀。又願諸天諸仙、護世四王、聰明正直天地虛空、主善罰惡守護持呪五方龍王龍神八部、幽顯靈祇各及眷屬,從今日去至于道場,大慈普覆如阿逸多,精進護法如不休息,遠證讀誦猶如普賢,為法焚身猶如藥王。又願十方一切怨親及非怨親四生六道一切眾生各及眷屬,從今日去至于道場,心無愛染如離意女,微妙巧說如勝鬘夫人,能行精進如釋迦文,所有善願等無量壽,所有威神如諸天王,不可思議如維摩詰,一切功德各成就,無量佛土悉莊嚴。仰願十方盡虛空界無量無邊諸大菩薩、一切賢聖,以慈悲心同加攝受,救護拯接、所願圓滿,信心堅固德業日遠,慈育四生等如一子,令諸眾生得四無量心、得六波羅蜜,十受修禪、三願廣被,應念見佛皆如勝鬘,一切行願畢竟成就,等與如來俱登正覺拜。
Today, the assembly gathered together in this common practice — having now finished arousing the awakening-mind, and finished making the great vow, we should next arouse the mind of dedication. Let us together, with sincere mind, in this same anguish of resolve, prostrate ourselves fully to the ground, and take refuge in the great and compassionate father of the world. Homage to the Buddha Maitreya. Homage to the Buddha Śākyamuni. Homage to the Buddha of Sunlight. Homage to the Buddha of Boundless Treasure. Homage to the Buddha Most Honored as the Lotus. Homage to the Buddha Honored in Body. Homage to the Buddha of Golden Light. Homage to the Buddha King, Sovereign as Brahmā. Homage to the Buddha of Golden Brightness. Homage to the Buddha of the Golden Sea. Homage to the Buddha King, Sovereign Among Dragons. Homage to the Buddha King, Sovereign over Every Flower and Fragrance. Homage to the Buddha King of the Tree. Homage to the Buddha Who Bravely Grasped a Firm Weapon and Then Cast Away All Strife. Homage to the Buddha of the Inner Abundance of Pearl-Light. Homage to the Buddha of Boundless Fragrant Brightness. Homage to the Bodhisattva Mañjuśrī. Homage to the Bodhisattva of Wondrous Sound. Homage to the Bodhisattva of Boundless Body. Homage to the Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara. We further take refuge in all the Three Jewels throughout the ten directions and the whole reach of empty space, praying that, by the power of compassion, they may now bear witness for us. We disciples vow that every wholesome deed we have done in the past, every wholesome deed we do now in the present, and every wholesome deed we shall do in the future, whether many or few, whether light or grave, be entirely dedicated and given over to every living being of the four modes of birth and six destinies, so that they may all attain the mind of the Way, turning neither toward the two lesser vehicles nor toward the three realms of existence, but together dedicating it toward unsurpassed awakening. We further vow that every wholesome deed any living being has done, whether in the past, the present, or the future, may likewise, each one, be dedicated, turning neither toward the two lesser vehicles nor toward the three realms of existence, but together dedicated toward unsurpassed awakening. Today, the assembly gathered together in this common practice — together we have now finished arousing the awakening-mind, finished making the great vow, and finished arousing the mind of dedication, vast as the very nature of dharmas, ultimate as empty space itself, and every Buddha, great bodhisattva, and sage of the past, present, and future bears witness to it. Once again, with utmost sincerity, we bow our heads to the Three Jewels. One bow. We disciples, having now completed the arousing of the mind and the making of the vow, our joy leaps beyond measure; once again, with sincere mind, we prostrate ourselves fully to the ground, and dedicate this on behalf of: kings and rulers, our parents and teachers, every kin and family across every kalpa, good and evil companions, the gods and immortals, the Four Heavenly Kings who guard the world, the dragon-kings of the five directions and every numinous spirit among the eightfold host of dragon-spirits who reward good and punish evil, and every being, enemy or friend or neither, of the four modes of birth and six destinies, in the past, the present, and to the very limit of the future — we take refuge in the great and compassionate father of the world. Homage to the Buddha Maitreya. Homage to the Buddha Śākyamuni. Homage to the Buddha of the Lion's Echo. Homage to the Buddha of Great and Powerful, Courageous Strength. Homage to the Buddha of Past Ages, Firmly Abiding. Homage to the Buddha King of the Drum's Sound. Homage to the Buddha of the Splendor of Sun and Moon. Homage to the Buddha Who Surpasses Every Flower. Homage to the Buddha, Lamp of Illumination for the World. Homage to the Buddha of Great and Easeful Peace. Homage to the Buddha of the Jeweled Wheel. Homage to the Buddha of Constant Cessation. Homage to the Buddha of Pure Awakening. Homage to the Buddha of the Brightness of Boundless Jeweled Flowers. Homage to the Buddha Who Strides Like Sumeru. Homage to the Buddha of the Jeweled Lotus. Homage to the Buddha in Whom Every Treasure Universally Gathers. Homage to the Buddha of the Dharma-Wheel, in Whom Every Treasure Universally Gathers in Abundance. Homage to the Buddha King of the Tree, Abundant and Flourishing. Homage to the Buddha Surrounded by Especially Honored and Pure Virtue. Homage to the Buddha of Stainless Radiance. Homage to the Buddha of Sunlight. We further take refuge in the Tathāgata of Ocean Virtue, the great teacher among the Buddhas of countless past kalpas. We reverently bow to the bodhisattvas of the unborn Dharma-body, immeasurable and boundless throughout the whole reach of empty space. We reverently bow to the bodhisattvas of the undefiled form-body, immeasurable and boundless throughout the whole reach of empty space. We reverently bow to the bodhisattvas who have aroused the awakening-mind, immeasurable and boundless throughout the whole reach of empty space. We reverently bow to the great teacher and bodhisattva Aśvaghoṣa, who caused the true Dharma to flourish. We reverently bow to the great teacher and bodhisattva Nāgārjuna, who caused the Dharma to flourish in its semblance age. We reverently bow to the Bodhisattva of Boundless Body throughout the ten directions and the whole reach of empty space. We reverently bow to the Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, who rescues beings from suffering, throughout the ten directions and the whole reach of empty space. For this reason he is called Tathāgata, Worthy of Offerings, Perfectly and Fully Awakened, Perfect in Wisdom and Conduct, Well-Gone, Knower of the World, Unsurpassed, Tamer of Men, Teacher of Gods and Humans, Buddha, World-Honored One — delivering beings without measure, and drawing out the suffering of birth and death. By the merit and cause and condition of arousing this mind, we look up and pray: May the present emperor — an old reading here has "the Emperor of the Great Liang" — the crown prince, and the imperial household, from this day forward, even to the very seat of awakening, forget the body for the sake of the Dharma as Sadāprarudita did; extinguish fault with great compassion as Ākāśagarbha does; be able to hear the Dharma from afar as the Buddha Bhaiṣajyaguru does; and skillfully understand the most difficult teachings as the bodhisattva Vimaladatta does. We further pray that the parents who bore us, the disciples, and our kin across every kalpa, from this day forward, even to the very seat of awakening, may scatter their form throughout empty space as the Bodhisattva of Boundless Body does; be endowed with the ten virtues as King Kauṇḍinya of Noble Virtue was; rejoice on hearing the Dharma as Abhaya does; and be courageous in spiritual power as Mahāsthāmaprāpta is. We further pray that our preceptors, instructors, fellow students and kin, and every companion of high, middle, and low station, from this day forward, even to the very seat of awakening, may each attain fearlessness as the Lion King does; extend a great transformation as Ratnākara does; hear the sound of suffering and relieve it as Avalokiteśvara does; and skillfully inquire as Mahākāśyapa does. We further pray that we, the disciples' fellow monastics and lay followers, faithful donors, and good and evil companions, each with their own kin, from this day forward, even to the very seat of awakening, may resolve every danger and crisis as the Bodhisattva of Rescue and Release does; be dignified and fine of countenance as Mañjuśrī is; be able to cast off the obstruction of karma as the Bodhisattva Who Casts Off the Hindrances does; and offer the very last offering as Cunda did. We further pray that every god and immortal, the Four Heavenly Kings who guard the world, the bright and upright spirits of heaven, earth, and empty space, the dragon-kings of the five directions and the eightfold host of dragon-spirits who reward good and punish evil, and every hidden and manifest numinous spirit, each with their own kin, from this day forward, even to the very seat of awakening, may extend great compassion universally as Ajita does; guard the Dharma with diligence unceasing as Anikṣiptadhura does; bear distant witness through reading and recitation as Samantabhadra does; and burn the body for the sake of the Dharma as the Medicine King does. We further pray that every being of the ten directions, enemy or friend or neither, of the four modes of birth and six destinies, each with their own kin, from this day forward, even to the very seat of awakening, may hold a mind free of craving and attachment as the woman Vimuktacittā does; speak with subtle and skillful eloquence as Lady Śrīmālā does; practice diligence as Śākyamuni himself did; hold every wholesome vow equal to Amitāyus; hold every awesome spiritual power equal to the heavenly kings; be inconceivable as Vimalakīrti is; each accomplish every merit; and adorn every buddha-land without limit or measure. We look up and pray that the immeasurable and boundless great bodhisattvas and every sage throughout the ten directions and the whole reach of empty space, with a compassionate mind, may together receive us, rescue and draw us to safety, and bring every wish to complete fulfillment, our faith made firm and our virtuous work growing ever further, nurturing the four modes of birth with compassion as though each were our only child, causing every living being to attain the four immeasurable minds and the six perfections, to receive and cultivate meditation in the ten ways, and to have the three vows extended broadly, so that whenever they think of it they may behold the Buddha exactly as Lady Śrīmālā did, every practice and vow ultimately fulfilled, ascending together with the Tathāgatas to true and equal awakening. One bow.
The closing passage of this chapter names a specific bodhisattva or exemplary figure as a model for each group present at the rite in turn — the ruling household, one's own parents, one's teachers and fellow practitioners, the lay and monastic community, the protective spirits, and finally all beings without exception — a structure that makes the liturgy's court origins visible in the text itself. The phrase this translation renders as "an old reading here has 'the Emperor of the Great Liang'" reflects a textual variant already present in the Taishō apparatus: later copies of this liturgy, performed at courts long after the Liang dynasty had ended, generalized "the Emperor of the Great Liang" into "the present emperor" so the rite could be recited for whichever ruler currently reigned, while at least one surviving witness preserves the original, specific wording — a small but concrete trace of how a court-commissioned rite was adapted for repeated use across later centuries and dynasties.
Resources
- T1909 · CBETA XML source — the digital edition of the Taishō text this translation was made from.
- 慈悲道場懺法・卷第二 · CBETA online reader — the Chinese text of this fascicle online.
Chinese source: Taishō T1909, public domain. English translation and reading guide written for Ru-Yi Meditation Center. See also this site's note on translation method.