Tr. Ratnamati, 511 CE · Northern Wei · 究竟一乘寶性論

Ratnagotravibhāga.

The great systematic treatise of Indian tathāgatagarbha doctrine, traditionally attributed to Maitreya and Sāramati — an analysis, built from the Three Jewels outward, of a single claim argued from every angle: that every sentient being, without exception, already possesses the tathāgatagarbha, obscured only by affliction that was never truly part of it. This collection translates the full treatise across 33 pages, verse and prose commentary together, from its opening homage through its closing warning against slandering the very teaching it contains.

How to read this collection

This is the largest single treatise on this site outside the great sūtras themselves — a systematic argument built on its own repeating pattern of root verse followed by prose commentary explaining that verse phrase by phrase, quoting supporting sūtra passages at length. Ratnamati's Chinese translation gives this pattern twice over: once as bare verses alone in its first fascicle, and once, across three further fascicles, with full commentary attached. This collection translates the unique introductory chapter once and the remaining ten chapters in their fuller verse-and-commentary form only, exactly as explained in the translation notes, so that no verse is translated twice.

The treatise's longest chapter, on how every being possesses the tathāgatagarbha, follows its own ten-point outline — essence, cause, fruit, function, correspondence, manifestation, difference across time, pervading every place, immutability, and non-differentiation — and this collection's page divisions follow that same outline wherever it applies.

What each page includes

  • The Chinese source text beside our English translation, verse and prose commentary translated together as a single continuous text.
  • Reading notes — Ru-Yi Meditation Center's own, since this treatise's own prose commentary already functions as its ancient exegesis.
  • Cross-references to this site's already-translated Śrīmālādevī Siṃhanāda Sūtra, Anūnatvāpūrṇatvanirdeśa Sūtra, and Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra, all quoted directly and repeatedly throughout this treatise.
33 of 33 parts published — the series is complete
30,800 of the treatise’s 39,800 characters quoted, each quoted passage translated in full
11 chapters, from the Three Jewels to the merit of faith
T1611 the base text, tr. Ratnamati, 511 CE

The Treatise's Own Structure

Eleven chapters move from the Three Jewels through the tathāgatagarbha's ten meanings, its concealment within affliction, the reasons it must be taught at all, and finally the fruit of buddhahood itself — its purity, its qualities, its spontaneous activity, and the merit of simply having faith in what has been explained.

Part 1
教化品第一 — Introduction
Why the treatise was composed: homage to the Three Jewels, and the nine ways a person can slander the Dharma without realizing it.
Part 1 · complete
Parts 2–4
佛寶品・法寶品・僧寶品 — The Three Jewels
The eight virtues of the Buddha-jewel, the cessation-truth of the Dharma-jewel compressed into a mote of dust, and ten ways a bodhisattva surpasses even an arhat within the Saṅgha-jewel.
Parts 2–4 · complete
Parts 5–14
一切眾生有如來藏品第五 — All Beings Have the Tathāgatagarbha
The treatise's longest chapter, built on its own ten-point outline: essence, cause, the four pāramitās as fruit, function, three similes for correspondence, one reality under three names, and eleven verses on space that fire cannot burn.
Parts 5–14 · complete
Parts 15–17
一切眾生有如來藏品第五, continued
The bodhisattva stage's jewel-in-the-mud and city-gate parables, the buddha stage's fourfold unchanging nature, one substance under four names, and the closing parable of the king's unfinished portrait.
Parts 15–17 · complete
Parts 18–22
無量煩惱所纏品第六 — Wrapped in Immeasurable Affliction
The nine similes of concealment — a buddha in a wilted lotus, honey guarded by bees, gold in filth — four kinds of blindness to the tathāgatagarbha, and the empty and not-empty tathāgatagarbha distinguished.
Parts 18–22 · complete
Part 23
為何義說品第七 — Why Explained in This Way
The treatise's own objection against itself — why teach buddha-nature to ordinary people at all — answered with five faults that arise from teaching emptiness alone.
Part 23 · complete
Parts 24–26
身轉清淨成菩提品第八 — The Body's Transformation into Pure Enlightenment
The buddha-ground's eight terms, the Diamond Sūtra's warning against seeking the Tathāgata through physical marks, the wish-fulfilling jewel, and the twelve deeds of a buddha's earthly life.
Parts 24–26 · complete
Parts 27–29
如來功德品第九 — The Tathāgata's Qualities
The sixty-four qualities of buddhahood in full — ten powers, four fearlessnesses, eighteen unshared dharmas, and thirty-two marks — pictured as a vajra scepter, a lion, space, and the moon in water.
Parts 27–29 · complete
Parts 30–31
自然不休息佛業品第十 — The Buddha's Spontaneous, Unceasing Activity
How an unborn, unceasing buddha still acts — answered through the nine similes of buddha-activity: Indra's reflection, a divine drum, rain-cloud, Brahmā, the sun, a wish-jewel, an echo, space, and the earth.
Parts 30–31 · complete
Parts 32–33
挍量信功德品第十一 — The Merit of Comparative Faith
Why faith in this teaching surpasses giving away every treasure in the universe, and the treatise's closing warning against slandering the profound Dharma, ending in a dedication of merit.
Parts 32–33 · complete

Read by Part

All 33 parts are translated. Each links to the full bilingual text with reading notes.

Translation Notes

Recurring terms, kept consistent across all 33 parts. See the full translation notes for the complete glossary and the treatise's structural history, and also this site's note on translation method.

如來藏 — tathāgatagarbhaKept as a loanword, matching every prior tathāgatagarbha text on this site.
法身 — dharmakāyaKept as a loanword, matching this site's existing usage.
空如來藏 / 不空如來藏 — the empty tathāgatagarbha / the not-empty tathāgatagarbhaMatched to this site's Śrīmālādevī Sūtra, quoted directly by this treatise on this exact point.
意生身 — mind-made bodyMatched to this site's Laṅkāvatāra and Śrīmālādevī Sūtra pages.
客塵煩惱 — adventitious afflictionsMatched to this site's Śrīmālādevī Sūtra translation-notes.
無明住地 — the ignorance-dwelling-groundCoined in this site's Śrīmālā project for the subtle affliction remaining even for an arhat; reused throughout this treatise's nine kinds of affliction.