The Assembly Where the Hidden Intent Will Be Unraveled
This chapter opens Xuanzang's Saṃdhinirmocana Sūtra with a vision of the Bhagavat's purified dwelling, the great śrāvakas, and the bodhisattvas who will ask the questions that structure the rest of the scripture.
Translation Method
This English translation is made directly from Xuanzang's Chinese, using the CBETA XML P5 edition of Taishō T676 as its base text. The Chinese is shown beside the English so that students can read the movement of the original, not only the explanation around it.
Terms shared with the wider Yogācāra corpus follow Ru-Yi's Cheng Weishi Lun glossary wherever possible. The first chapter is mostly scene-setting, but it already introduces the bodhisattvas whose questions will open the sūtra's doctrinal heart.
The Opening Formula 如是我聞
如是我聞:
Thus have I heard.
The Bhagavat's Pure Dwelling 佛住最勝光曜大宮殿
一時,薄伽梵住最勝光曜七寶莊嚴,放大光明,普照一切無邊世界,無量方所妙飾間列,周圓無際,其量難測,超過三界所行之處,勝出世間善根所起,最極自在淨識為相。如來所都,諸大菩薩眾所雲集,無量天、龍、藥叉、健達縛、阿素洛、揭路茶、緊捺洛、牟呼洛伽、人、非人等,常所翼從,廣大法味喜樂所持,作諸眾生一切義利,滅諸煩惱災橫纏垢,遠離眾魔、過諸莊嚴,如來莊嚴之所依處,大念、慧、行以為遊路,大止妙觀以為所乘,大空、無相、無願解脫為所入門,無量功德眾所莊嚴,大寶花王眾所建立大宮殿中。
At one time the Bhagavat was dwelling in a great palace established by a multitude of royal jewel-lotuses. It blazed with supreme radiance and was adorned with the seven precious substances. It emitted a great light, illuminating all boundless worlds. Countless regions, marvelously arrayed, stood in ordered beauty; its circumference was without limit and its measure could not be fathomed.
It surpassed any place reached within the three realms. It arose from world-transcending roots of goodness, and its characteristic was the most utterly sovereign pure consciousness. It was the dwelling-city of the Tathāgata, where great assemblies of bodhisattvas gathered like clouds. Countless devas, nāgas, yakṣas, gandharvas, asuras, garuḍas, kiṃnaras, mahoragas, humans, nonhumans, and others constantly attended him.
They were sustained by the joy and delight of the vast taste of Dharma. They carried out every benefit and welfare for sentient beings, put an end to the disasters, entanglements, and stains of affliction, and remained far from every māra. Beyond all adornments, this was the support of the Tathāgata's adornment. Great mindfulness, wisdom, and practice were its path of travel; great calm-abiding and wondrous insight were its vehicle; the liberations of great emptiness, signlessness, and wishlessness were its gates of entry. Adorned by immeasurable hosts of merit, it was the great palace established by the multitude of royal jewel-lotuses.
Reading note: The opening is not ordinary geography. The palace is described as "pure consciousness" and as a place beyond the three realms, preparing the reader for a sūtra in which world, language, and consciousness are all examined as dependent appearances.
The Bhagavat's Realization 薄伽梵最清淨覺
是薄伽梵最清淨覺,不二現行,趣無相法。住於佛住逮得一切佛平等性,到無障處,不可轉法,所行無礙,其所成立不可思議。遊於三世平等法性,其身流布一切世界,於一切法智無疑滯,於一切行成就大覺,於諸法智無有疑惑,凡所現身不可分別,一切菩薩正所求智,得佛無二住勝彼岸,不相間雜。如來解脫妙智究竟,證無中邊佛地平等,極於法界,盡虛空性窮未來際。
This Bhagavat was the purest awakening itself. His activity was nondual, and he had entered the Dharma of no characteristics. Dwelling in the buddhas' own dwelling, he had reached the equality of all buddhas. He had arrived at the unobstructed place, at the Dharma that cannot be turned back. His activity moved without obstruction, and what he established was inconceivable.
He ranged freely in the equal dharma-nature of the three times. His body pervaded all worlds. His wisdom regarding all dharmas was without hesitation or blockage, and within all forms of practice he had accomplished great awakening. His wisdom regarding dharmas was free from doubt. Whatever bodies he manifested could not be conceptually distinguished. He possessed the wisdom that all bodhisattvas rightly seek, had reached the far shore of the buddhas' nondual dwelling, and was unmixed with anything else.
The Tathāgata's liberation and wondrous wisdom were complete. He had realized the equality of the Buddha-ground beyond center and limit, reaching the utmost of the dharma-realm, exhausting the nature of empty space, and extending to the end of the future.
The Great Śrāvaka Assembly 無量大聲聞眾
與無量大聲聞眾俱,一切調順,皆是佛子,心善解脫,慧善解脫,戒善清淨,趣求法樂;多聞、聞持,其聞積集;善思所思,善說所說,善作所作;捷慧、速慧、利慧、出慧、勝決擇慧、大慧、廣慧、及無等慧,慧寶成就;具足三明,逮得第一現法樂住;大淨福田,威儀寂靜,無不圓滿;大忍柔和,成就無減,已善奉行如來聖教。
He was together with an immeasurable assembly of great śrāvakas. All were disciplined and harmonious, and all were children of the Buddha. Their minds were well liberated; their wisdom was well liberated; their moral discipline was well purified; and they sought the joy of Dharma.
They had heard much and retained what they had heard, accumulating the treasure of hearing. They thought well what should be thought, spoke well what should be spoken, and did well what should be done. They had quick wisdom, swift wisdom, sharp wisdom, wisdom that goes forth, superior discriminating wisdom, great wisdom, vast wisdom, and unequaled wisdom. They had completed the jewel of wisdom.
They were fully endowed with the three knowledges and had reached the foremost pleasant abiding in the present life. They were a great, pure field of merit; their deportment was quiet, with nothing incomplete. Their great patience was gentle and yielding, and its accomplishment did not diminish. They had already practiced well the Tathāgata's noble teaching.
The Bodhisattva Assembly 無量菩薩摩訶薩
復有無量菩薩摩訶薩,從種種佛土而來集會。皆住大乘,遊大乘法,於諸眾生其心平等,離諸分別及不分別種種分別,摧伏一切眾魔怨敵,遠離一切聲聞、獨覺所有作意,廣大法味喜樂所持,超五怖畏,一向趣入不退轉地,息一切眾生一切苦惱所逼迫地,而現在前。其名曰:解甚深義密意菩薩摩訶薩、如理請問菩薩摩訶薩、法涌菩薩摩訶薩、善清淨慧菩薩摩訶薩、廣慧菩薩摩訶薩、德本菩薩摩訶薩、勝義生菩薩摩訶薩、觀自在菩薩摩訶薩、慈氏菩薩摩訶薩、曼殊室利菩薩摩訶薩等,而為上首。
There were also immeasurable bodhisattva mahāsattvas, gathered from many different buddha-lands. All abided in the Great Vehicle and moved within the Dharma of the Great Vehicle. Toward sentient beings their minds were equal. They were free from all the many discriminations of discrimination and nondiscrimination. They had subdued all māras and hostile enemies, and had moved far beyond every mode of attention belonging to śrāvakas and solitary buddhas.
They were sustained by the joy and delight of the vast taste of Dharma. They had gone beyond the five fears. They were single-mindedly entering the irreversible ground. The ground on which all the sufferings and torments oppressing sentient beings come to rest was present before them.
The leading figures among them were Bodhisattva Mahāsattva Revealing the Hidden Intent of the Profound Meaning, Bodhisattva Mahāsattva Who Questions According to the Principle, Bodhisattva Mahāsattva Dharmodgata, Bodhisattva Mahāsattva Suviśuddhamati, Bodhisattva Mahāsattva Vast Wisdom, Bodhisattva Mahāsattva Root of Virtue, Bodhisattva Mahāsattva Born of the Ultimate, Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva Mahāsattva, Maitreya Bodhisattva Mahāsattva, Mañjuśrī Bodhisattva Mahāsattva, and others.
Reading note: The named bodhisattvas are not only audience members. They become the sūtra's questioners. Their names foreshadow the topics to come: hidden intent, questions asked according to principle, the ultimate truth, Yogācāra practice, and the Buddha's completed activity.
Some bodhisattva names are given here in functional English where a standard Sanskrit form is not necessary for the reader. The terminology file records these choices so they can be revised consistently if later review calls for a different convention.
Next
Chapter 2 begins the sūtra's doctrinal teaching with a question about what it means for all dharmas to be nondual.
Continue to chapter 2 →