Fascicle 3, Part 8 · 定善義 第二觀水觀三至四 · 觀經四帖疏 T1753

Golden Roads, and Towers Filling the Sky

The adornments now move upward — from the ground itself, where golden roads interweave with jeweled surfaces in combinations Shandao insists are never merely one fixed pattern, to the sky above, where every jewel's own light rises to form a tower. Woven into the ground-level verse is a striking image easy to miss on a first reading: beings still bound by doubt, waiting inside unopened lotuses, "as though still within the womb."

Translator: Ru-Yi Meditation Center Source: Taishō T1753, 觀無量壽佛經疏, by Shandao (善導, 613–681) Fascicle 3 of 4: 定善義 (Meaning of the Contemplative Good)

What Depends, and What Is Depended Upon

Chinese Source

三、從瑠璃地上下,至分齊分明已來,正明地上莊嚴,顯標殊勝。此明依持圓淨。七寶池林等是能依,瑠璃寶地是所依。地是能持,池臺樹等是所持。此由彌陀因行周備,致使感報圓明。明淨之義,即無漏為體也。

Ru-Yi Translation

Third, from "upon the lapis lazuli ground" down through "each and every boundary perfectly distinct," this makes plain the adornment upon the ground itself, revealing and marking its own surpassing excellence. This makes plain the relation of what is depended upon to what depends upon it, in complete and perfect purity. The seven-jeweled ponds and groves and the rest are that which depends; the lapis lazuli jeweled ground is that which is depended upon. The ground is what upholds; the ponds, terraces, and trees are what is upheld. This comes about because Amitābha's own causal practice was thoroughly complete, bringing about a retribution perfectly luminous in return. The meaning of brightness and purity here has, as its very substance, that which is free of all defilement.

A Verse: Unopened Lotuses, "As Though Still Within the Womb"

Chinese Source

讚云:「寶地莊嚴無比量,處處光明照十方,寶閣華臺皆遍滿,雜色朎朧難可量。寶雲寶蓋臨空覆,聖眾飛通互往來,寶幢旛蓋隨風轉,寶樂含輝應念迴。帶惑疑生華未發,合掌籠籠喻處胎,內受法樂無微苦,障盡須臾華自開。耳目精明身金色,菩薩徐徐授寶衣,光觸體得成三忍,即欲見佛下金臺,法侶迎將入大會,瞻仰尊顏讚善哉。」

Ru-Yi Translation

A verse of praise says: "This jeweled ground's adornment is beyond all measure or compare, its light shining everywhere, illuminating the ten directions; jeweled pavilions and flowered terraces fill every space entire, their mingled colors so brilliant they defy all measure. Jeweled clouds and jeweled canopies hang suspended over the sky, sacred assemblies flying back and forth, coming and going freely; jeweled banners and streaming pennants turn with every breath of wind, jeweled music, radiant with light, circles round in answer to each thought. Those still bound by doubt and delusion have their lotus not yet opened, palms joined together, enclosed as though still within the womb; within, they receive the joy of the Dharma, without the slightest suffering, and, once their obstructions are exhausted, in but a moment the lotus opens of itself. Ears and eyes grown clear and keen, the body itself the color of gold, bodhisattvas slowly bestow upon them their own jeweled robes; touched by this light, the body attains the three forms of acceptance, and, wishing at once to behold the Buddha, descends from the golden platform; companions in the Dharma come forth to welcome them into the great assembly, gazing up in reverence at the honored countenance, praising it as excellent indeed."

A note on this waiting

This verse contains, almost in passing, one of this fascicle's more consequential images: beings "still bound by doubt and delusion," whose lotus has "not yet opened," waiting "as though still within the womb." Unlike the sudden, complete arrival implied elsewhere in this collection's Pure Land translations, this image describes rebirth in Amitābha's land as admitting of degrees — some beings arrive and open at once, others remain enclosed, receiving the Dharma's own joy "without the slightest suffering" even while still waiting, until "their obstructions are exhausted" and the lotus opens of itself. The verse's own final movement — golden robes bestowed, the body attaining "the three forms of acceptance," entry into the great assembly — reads almost as a second birth following the first, complete with its own welcoming community.

Roads of Every Combination, Never the Same Twice

Chinese Source

言金繩已下,正明黃金作道,狀似金繩也。或以雜寶為地,瑠璃作道。或以瑠璃為地,白玉作道。或以紫金白銀為地,百寶作道。或以不可說寶為地,還以不可說寶作道。或以千萬寶為地,二三寶作道。如是轉相間雜,轉共合成,轉相照曜,轉相顯發,光光色色各各不同,而無雜亂。行者等莫言但有金道,而無餘寶作道也。

Ru-Yi Translation

As for "golden cords" and what follows, this makes plain that roads are formed of yellow gold, resembling in form golden cords themselves. Or the ground may be formed of an assortment of jewels, with roads of lapis lazuli. Or the ground may be formed of lapis lazuli, with roads of white jade. Or the ground may be formed of purple gold and white silver, with roads of a hundred jewels. Or the ground may be formed of jewels beyond all description, with roads likewise formed of jewels beyond all description. Or the ground may be formed of a thousand myriad jewels, with roads of only two or three kinds. In this way, each interweaves and alternates with the other, each combining together with the other, each illuminating the other in turn, each bringing out the other's own brilliance — light upon light, color upon color, each entirely distinct from the rest, and yet never once falling into disorder. Let practitioners never say that there are only roads of gold, and no roads formed of other jewels as well.

Light Rising to Fill the Sky

Chinese Source

四、從一一寶中有五百色光下,至樂器以為莊嚴已來,正明空裏莊嚴。即有其六。一明寶出多光。二明喻顯其相。三明光變成臺。四明光變成於樓閣。五明光變成於華幢。六明光變成於寶樂之音。又明地上雜寶一一各出五百色光,一一色光上涌空中作一光臺,一一臺中寶樓千萬,各以一二三四乃至不可說寶以為莊嚴合成也。言如華又如星月者,佛以慈悲畏人不識,故借喻以顯之。言於臺兩邊各有百億華幢者,寶地眾多光明無量,一一光等化作光臺,遍滿空中。行者等行住坐臥,常作此想。

Ru-Yi Translation

Fourth, from "within each and every jewel are five hundred colors of light" down through "and musical instruments, forming its own adornment," this makes plain the adornment filling the sky itself. There are six points within it. First, this makes plain that these jewels emit manifold light. Second, this makes plain the use of analogy to reveal their own appearance. Third, this makes plain that this light transforms into towers. Fourth, this makes plain that this light transforms into pavilions and upper chambers. Fifth, this makes plain that this light transforms into flowered banners. Sixth, this makes plain that this light transforms into the sound of jeweled music. It further makes plain that the manifold jewels upon the ground each emit five hundred colors of light, and each of these colored lights rises up into the sky, forming a single platform of light — and within each and every such platform are a thousand myriad jeweled towers, each formed and adorned by combinations of one, two, three, four, or even jewels beyond all description. As for "resembling flowers, and resembling also the stars and the moon": the Buddha, out of compassion, fearing that people might fail to recognize what is meant, therefore borrowed this analogy to make it plain. As for "on either side of each platform are a hundred koṭis of flowered banners": the jeweled ground's own manifold light is immeasurable, and each and every ray of light transforms likewise into a platform of light, filling the entire sky. Practitioners, whether walking, standing, sitting, or lying down, should constantly form this very contemplative thought.

A note on this rising

The sixfold breakdown of the sky's own adornment traces a single continuous transformation: light emerges from the jewels of the ground, and that same light becomes, in turn, towers, pavilions, banners, and finally music — a single source manifesting in five successive forms. Shandao's aside on the flower-and-star-and-moon analogy is worth noting for what it reveals about his own view of scriptural language generally: figurative comparison is explained here not as poetic ornament but as a concession to human limitation, offered "out of compassion, fearing that people might fail to recognize what is meant." The instruction closing this section — that practitioners should form this contemplative thought "whether walking, standing, sitting, or lying down" — extends the practice beyond formal seated meditation into every posture of ordinary life.

Part 35 Complete

This closes Part 35. Part 36 completes the water contemplation in full: the eight winds that turn the jeweled trees and nets into instruments of Dharma-teaching music, and the formal close of this second of the sixteen contemplations.

Continue to Part 36 — Eight Winds, and Closing the Water Contemplation →