Guṇabhadra · Liu Song, 436 CE · 勝鬘師子吼一乘大方便方廣經

Śrīmālādevī Siṃhanāda Sūtra.

A queen, not a monk, delivers the sūtra's entire teaching — and the Buddha confirms every word of it. Queen Śrīmālā's "lion's roar" is where two of the most quoted phrases in all of Mahāyāna Buddhism first appear: "the empty tathāgatagarbha" and "the not-empty tathāgatagarbha," and the paradox that a mind inherently pure by nature is nonetheless defiled by affliction. This collection translates the whole sūtra across ten pages, with reading notes drawn throughout from Jizang's commentary, the Shengman Baoku (勝鬘寶窟, T1744) — the founder of this site's own Sanlun/Madhyamaka lineage turning his attention to the doctrine that would shape everything Chinese Buddhism built afterward.

How to read this collection

This is a short sūtra by the standards of this site — roughly 10,200 characters of root text, shorter than the Awakening of Faith or the Sūtra of Perfect Enlightenment — but its fifteen chapters are wildly uneven in length: Chapter Eleven is three sentences, while Chapter Five alone runs to nearly a third of the whole text. Rather than force one chapter onto one page the way this site's Sūtra of Perfect Enlightenment collection does, this collection splits at natural topic boundaries, so that Chapter Five becomes three pages of comparable length to everything around them, and several of the sūtra's shortest chapters share a single page.

Each page carries a continuous run of the base text against Ru-Yi's English translation, with reading notes drawn from Jizang (吉藏, 549–623), founder of the Sanlun school — the Chinese Madhyamaka lineage behind this site's Middle Treatise, Twelve Gate Treatise, and Hundred Treatise. His commentary repeatedly draws the sūtra's tathāgatagarbha doctrine back toward his own school's Madhyamaka reading, most strikingly where he maps "empty" and "not-empty" tathāgatagarbha directly onto the non-being/non-nonbeing middle way.

What each page includes

  • The Chinese source text beside our English translation, verified against the base text for full coverage.
  • Reading notes — "after Jizang" throughout, drawn from his Shengman Baoku.
  • Cross-references to this site's Awakening of Faith, Treatise on Buddha Nature, Laṅkāvatāra, and Sūtra of Perfect Enlightenment collections, wherever those texts quote or build directly on this sūtra.
  • Terminology coined here for concepts this sūtra introduces first on this site — the two kinds of death, the four dwelling-grounds of affliction, and the ignorance-dwelling-ground.
10 of 10 parts translated — complete
10,200+ Chinese characters of root text translated in full
T1744 Jizang's Shengman Baoku, the source for every reading note

The Sūtra's Own Structure

Jizang reads the fifteen chapters as one continuous argument moving from cause to fruit. Chapters One through Four establish the causal practice: Śrīmālā's praise of the Buddha and his prediction of her own future buddhahood, her Ten Great Vows and Three Great Vows, and her explanation of what it means to "embrace the true Dharma." Chapter Five delivers the resulting fruit — the One Vehicle — and is by far the sūtra's longest chapter, so this collection splits it across three pages. Chapters Six through Fourteen then unfold what that fruit consists of: the tathāgatagarbha, examined from progressively deeper angles, ending in the sūtra's hardest claim, that a mind pure by nature is nonetheless defiled. Jizang's own preface marks the fifteenth and final chapter as a deliberate turn outward — from Śrīmālā's "self-benefiting practice" (自利行) in the first fourteen chapters to "benefiting others" (利他行) in the last.

Part 1 · 如來真實義功德章第一
A Queen Is Promised Buddhahood
A letter from her parents, a vision of the Buddha in the sky, verses of praise — and the Buddha's own prediction that Śrīmālā will one day be the Tathāgata Samantaprabha.
Part 1 · complete
Part 2 · 十受章・三願章
Ten Vows and Three, Folded Into One
Śrīmālā's Ten Great Vows, confirmed by flowers raining from an empty sky, and the Three Great Vows that gather all ten into a single vow to embrace the true Dharma.
Part 2 · complete
Part 3 · 攝受章第四
What It Means to Embrace the True Dharma
Clouds, a great water-mass, the earth's four burdens and four treasure-stores, all mapped onto a single practice — shown to be identical with the six pāramitās themselves, and with giving up body, life, and wealth.
Part 3 · complete
Parts 4–6 · 一乘章第五
The One Vehicle, in Three Pages
Why arhats still have fear; the two kinds of death and the ignorance-dwelling-ground's power beyond all reckoning; and the Tathāgata's own lion's roar, where refuge in Dharma and Saṅgha collapses into refuge in the Tathāgata alone.
Parts 4–6 · complete
Part 7 · 無邊聖諦・如來藏・法身章
The Tathāgatagarbha, Named at Last
Only the Tathāgata's "vajra-like wisdom" can fully sever the ignorance-dwelling-ground — and the noble truths themselves are shown to rest on the tathāgatagarbha, identical with the dharmakāya under a different description.
Part 7 · complete
Part 8 · 空義隱覆真實・一諦・一依・顛倒真實章
Empty, Not Empty, and the One Truth Beneath the Four
This sūtra's most quoted formula — the empty and not-empty tathāgatagarbha — followed by the case for why only the cessation-truth is ultimate, and the correct view of the Tathāgata's dharmakāya as permanence, bliss, self, and purity.
Part 8 · complete
Part 9 · 自性清淨章・真子章
A Pure Mind, and How It Comes to Be Defiled
The sūtra's single hardest sentence — a mind inherently pure by nature, nonetheless defiled — and the three kinds of good sons and daughters who trust this teaching without slandering it.
Part 9 · complete
Part 10 · 勝鬘章第十五
Śrīmālā's Own Lion's Roar
The Buddha entrusts the sūtra to Śakra and Ānanda, gives it fourteen names for its fourteen prior chapters, and Śrīmālā converts an entire city to the Mahāyāna.
Part 10 · complete

Translation Notes

Recurring terms, kept consistent across all ten parts. Where a term already has an established rendering elsewhere on this site's tathāgatagarbha pages, we reuse it; where this sūtra's own vocabulary — the two kinds of death, the four dwelling-grounds — has no site precedent, we coin one here. See the full translation notes for the complete glossary, and also this site's note on translation method.

如來藏 — tathāgatagarbhaLeft untranslated as a loanword, matched to every prior tathāgatagarbha-line text on this site. This sūtra is the doctrine's own locus classicus.
空如來藏 / 不空如來藏 — the empty / not-empty tathāgatagarbhaMatched to this site's Treatise on Buddha Nature, which already quotes this sūtra's "not empty" line directly.
意生身 — mind-made bodyMatched to this site's Laṅkāvatāra translation, which treats the same term at length.
攝受正法 — embracing the true DharmaCoined fresh for this collection; the sūtra's own central practice-term, kept parallel to "subduing" (折伏) wherever the two are paired.
分段死 / 不思議變易死 — segmented death / the death of inconceivable transformationCoined fresh for this collection: ordinary rebirth versus the subtle change still undergone by arhats, pratyekabuddhas, and bodhisattvas short of buddhahood.
住地 — dwelling-groundCoined fresh for this collection, for the standing condition — of view-processes, desire-attachment, form-attachment, existence-attachment, and above all ignorance — that produces "arising afflictions" moment to moment.
一乘 / 第一義乘 — the One Vehicle / the vehicle of the first principle"One Vehicle" matches this site's Lotus Sūtra and Sūtra of Perfect Enlightenment usage; "the vehicle of the first principle" is this sūtra's own further term.
一諦 / 一依 — the one truth / the one basisDeliberately distinguished from "refuge" (歸依, the three refuges of Buddha/Dharma/Saṅgha), since 依 here names which of the four noble truths grounds the other three.