Abhidharma · 阿毗達磨

Every experience, taken apart.

Abhidharma is the analytical wing of the Buddhist canon: instead of parables and dialogue, it maps the mind and the world into their smallest working parts, and asks exactly how those parts fit together — moment by moment.

These are classical Nikāya treatises — the scholastic tradition also called "Hīnayāna" in older sources — distinct from the Mahāyāna sūtras and śāstras found elsewhere in Dharma, but foundational to how every later school, East and West, has thought about the mind ever since.

1 text underway Fascicle-by-fascicle structure Source: Xuánzàng's Chinese translation

What "Abhidharma" means

Abhidharma — "higher teaching" or "about the teaching" — is the third basket of the Buddhist canon, alongside the discourses (sūtra) and the monastic code (vinaya). Where a discourse teaches through story and dialogue, Abhidharma teaches through classification: it lists every mental and physical factor (dharma) that can arise, and works out the rules for how they combine.

Two independent Abhidharma traditions survive in full: the Theravāda's Pāli Abhidhamma, and the Sanskrit Abhidharma of the Sarvāstivāda school, preserved mostly in Chinese translation. This section is for the second — the tradition that produced the Abhidharmakośa.

Not Mahāyāna — and why that matters

Vasubandhu wrote the Abhidharmakośa as a Sarvāstivāda–Sautrāntika scholar, before his brother Asaṅga persuaded him toward the Mahāyāna. The Kośa itself teaches no bodhisattva path and no emptiness of dharmas — it is squarely a Nikāya (small-vehicle) treatise.

It stayed required reading anyway. Every major Mahāyāna monastic curriculum in East Asia — Chan, Tiantai, Huayan, Yogācāra — still opens with the Kośa, because its map of mind, karma, and cosmology is the shared vocabulary the later schools argue with, refine, or transcend.

Texts in this section

Choose a treatise to enter.

We are building this collection one treatise at a time, starting with the single most widely studied Abhidharma text in the Chinese tradition.

Vasubandhu · Xuánzàng · 30 fascicles

Abhidharmakośa

The Treasury of Abhidharma — 俱舍論

Vasubandhu's systematic restatement of Sarvāstivāda Abhidharma, sharpened by his own Sautrāntika criticisms. Enter here for the nine-chapter map of the whole treatise and the fascicle-by-fascicle table of contents.

9 chapters Enter
Sarvāstivāda · In preparation

Mahāvibhāṣā Śāstra

The Great Commentary — 大毘婆沙論

The vast Sarvāstivāda compendium the Abhidharmakośa is written against — two hundred fascicles compiled at the council of Kashmir. A future doorway into the tradition's fullest encyclopedia.

Planned Coming soon