Cariyapitaka · Story 27

The Monkey King’s Conduct

Kapi Cariyā — The Chapter With Yudhañjaya · The Perfection of Truth (1st of 6)

Setting
No external narrative frame; the Buddha speaks in the first person about his past life as a monkey trapped on a riverbank
Speaker
The Buddha, recounting his life as the monkey, with a brief exchange with a crocodile
Form
Four four-line verses of first-person narration
Length
under 1 minute to read
Northern parallel
This reading guide does not assert a specific matching text for this story in other Buddhist literatures.
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — a short story with a genuinely tricky question of interpretation at its center

Why this text

This story opens the Cariyapitaka's chapter on truthfulness with its most ambiguous case: a monkey trapped by a crocodile answers ‘I am coming’ to the crocodile's invitation, then crosses the river by stepping on the crocodile's own head — technically doing exactly what he said, while completely defeating what the crocodile intended.

Reading guide

A trap disguised as an invitation

The crocodile does not threaten the monkey outright; he waits at the monkey's usual landing spot and says only ‘come’, letting the ordinary word carry the danger without stating it.

A reply that is not a lie

The monkey's answer, ‘I am coming,’ is simple and direct — and then he does come, by leaping onto the crocodile's head and using it as a stepping stone to the far bank, arriving exactly as promised.

The text's own claim about what happened

The story states its own verdict plainly: ‘I spoke no lie to him, but acted according to my word.’ The claim to truthfulness rests entirely on the literal accuracy of ‘I am coming’, not on having honored the crocodile's actual intention.

An opening case that raises the chapter's real question

By placing this story first among six on truthfulness, the collection poses its sharpest question early: is truthfulness only about the literal accuracy of what is said, or does it also depend on what a listener is led to expect? The chapter's later stories, especially Cp 28's ascetic and Cp 31's uncomfortable confession, approach the theme very differently.

Key terms

sacca — “truth” — the perfection this story illustrates, opening this chapter's six stories on the theme.
kumbhīla — “crocodile” or “gharial” — the monkey's foe, waiting at the usual crossing point.
cariyā — “conduct” — this collection's title, and the word used for each of its thirty-five stories, this one its twenty-seventh.
musāvāda — “false speech” — what the monkey explicitly denies having engaged in, despite leading the crocodile into a plan that fails him completely.
Yudhañjaya-vagga — “the Chapter With Yudhañjaya” — this collection's third chapter, now moving from renunciation and resolve into its six stories on truth.

The text

The text in full: four verses of first-person narration. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1“When I was a monkey in a cleft on the riverbank, harassed by a crocodile I could not get across.

§2Where I used to land when jumping from the near shore to the far, there crouched my deadly foe, the baleful gharial.

§3Reassuring me, he said ‘Come!’ ‘I am coming,’ I said to him. Stepping on his head I made it to the far bank.

§4I spoke no lie to him, but acted according to my word. There is no-one to equal my truthfulness: this is my perfection of truth.”

· · ·

Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What does the crocodile say to lure the monkey?
Correct: B. A trap disguised as an ordinary invitation.
Question 2 of 10
What does the monkey reply?
Correct: B. Simple and direct, then literally fulfilled.
Question 3 of 10
How does the monkey actually cross the river?
Correct: B. Arriving exactly as promised, just not as the crocodile intended.
Question 4 of 10
What claim does the story make about the monkey's honesty?
Correct: B. Resting on the literal accuracy of 'I am coming', not the crocodile's expectations.
Question 5 of 10
What question does placing this story first in the truth chapter raise?
Correct: B. A question the chapter's later stories approach quite differently.
Question 6 of 10
What does 'musāvāda' mean?
Correct: A. Denied despite the crocodile being completely outmaneuvered.
Question 7 of 10
What perfection does this story open, and how many stories does this chapter give it?
Correct: B. The third of the third chapter's five themes.
Question 8 of 10
How does this story compare in length to the average story in this collection?
Correct: A. A brief, sharply focused case.
Question 9 of 10
What perfection did the previous story, Cp 26, illustrate?
Correct: B. Temiya's sixteen years of feigned disability.
Question 10 of 10
What perfection does this story illustrate?
Correct: A. Opening this chapter's largest group of stories after ethics and giving.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0