Cariyapitaka · Story 3

Kurūrāja’s Conduct

Kururāja Cariyā — The Chapter With Akitti · The Perfection of Giving (3rd of 10)

Setting
No external narrative frame; the Buddha speaks in the first person about his past life as King Dhanañjaya of Indapatta
Speaker
The Buddha, recounting his life as the king known as Kururāja
Form
Eight four-line verses of first-person narration, including two lines of dialogue from brahmin petitioners and the king's ministers
Length
1–2 minutes to read
Northern parallel
This narrative element — a king of the Kurus giving away a prized elephant during a neighboring famine — recurs in the broader Jātaka tradition; this reading guide does not assert a specific matching text or number.
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — a short exchange, but with real political stakes to follow

Why this text

This story raises the stakes beyond a private ascetic's meal or a traveler's sandals: a king gives away the royal elephant that helped secure his kingdom's fortune, over his ministers' objection, to brahmins from a country stricken by drought. Two of its verses reappear almost word for word in Cp 9's story of Vessantara — the same elephant-gift scene, replayed on a still larger stage.

Reading guide

A king known by two names

The story's title names him Kururāja, ‘King of the Kurus’, but the text itself gives his personal name as Dhanañjaya, ruling from Indapatta, and credits him with the ‘ten skillful deeds’ — the traditional ten courses of wholesome conduct expected of a just ruler.

A request driven by famine

Brahmins arrive from Kaliṅga, a neighboring realm, explaining plainly: ‘our nation is suffering from drought, food is scarce and famine abounds’, and ask for the royal elephant, auspicious and ‘deemed lucky’, by name Añjana.

A vow not to refuse a petitioner

The king's reasoning turns on a personal standard rather than a calculation of advantage: ‘when supplicants come to me it is unbefitting to refuse. Let not my vow be broken.’ The elephant is handed over with a formal water-pouring gesture, the traditional way of sealing a solemn gift.

The ministers object, the king answers

His ministers protest that the elephant was ‘supreme victor in battle’ and ask how he will now govern the realm. His answer goes further than the question: he would give away ‘the entire realm and my physical body as well’, because ‘omniscience is precious to me’ — the same closing logic Cp 1's Akitti used for a much smaller gift.

The same verses, reused in Cp 9

The stanza describing the Kaliṅga brahmins' request and the king's vow not to refuse a supplicant reappears almost unchanged in Cp 9, where Vessantara gives away the same kind of elephant under nearly identical circumstances — one of the collection's clearest examples of a shared formula carried across two different stories.

Key terms

dasakusalakammapatha — the “ten skillful deeds” — the traditional standard of wholesome conduct this text credits the king with upholding.
Kururāja — “King of the Kurus” — this story's title, though the text gives the king's personal name as Dhanañjaya.
dāna — “giving” — the perfection this story illustrates, the third of ten stories on this theme opening the collection.
udakadāna — a formal gift sealed by pouring water over the recipient's hand — the gesture this text describes when the elephant changes hands.
Kaliṅga — the famine-stricken neighboring realm whose brahmins travel to ask for the king's elephant.

The text

The text in full: eight verses, including the brahmins' request and the ministers' objection. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1“Then again when I reigned in Indapatta, the capital city, as the king named Dhanañjaya I was blessed with the ten skillful deeds.

§2From the realm of Kaliṅga brahmins came to me requesting the royal elephant that was lucky and deemed auspicious.

§3‘Our nation is suffering from drought, food is scarce and famine abounds, please give the noble elephant of midnight hue named Añjana.’

§4‘When supplicants come to me it is unbefitting to refuse. Let not my vow be broken, I shall give the mighty elephant.’

§5Taking the elephant by the trunk, and a bejeweled ceremonial vessel, I sprinkled water on the hand, and gave the elephant to the brahmins.

§6When I had given the elephant, my ministers said, ‘Why did you give the noble elephant to the supplicants?

§7He was lucky and endowed with the auspicious, supreme victor in battle. Now you have given the elephant, how shall you govern the realm?’

§8‘I would give the entire realm and my physical body as well. Omniscience is precious to me, which is why I gave away the elephant.’”

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What two names does this story's king go by?
Correct: B. The title names his kingdom's people; the text names him personally.
Question 2 of 10
Why do the brahmins from Kaliṅga request the royal elephant?
Correct: B. They ask directly and plainly for the auspicious elephant Añjana.
Question 3 of 10
What personal standard drives the king's decision to give the elephant?
Correct: B. 'When supplicants come to me it is unbefitting to refuse. Let not my vow be broken.'
Question 4 of 10
What gesture seals the gift of the elephant?
Correct: B. The traditional way of sealing a solemn gift.
Question 5 of 10
What do the king's ministers object to?
Correct: B. A military and political concern about the kingdom's defense.
Question 6 of 10
How does the king answer his ministers' objection?
Correct: B. The same 'omniscience is precious to me' logic used in Cp 1.
Question 7 of 10
What connects this story directly to Cp 9's Vessantara?
Correct: B. One of the collection's clearest examples of a formula shared across stories.
Question 8 of 10
What does 'dasakusalakammapatha' refer to?
Correct: B. Credited to the king at the story's opening.
Question 9 of 10
Where is the king's capital, as named in this text?
Correct: A. Named in the opening verse.
Question 10 of 10
What perfection does this story illustrate?
Correct: B. Continuing the sequence of ten giving-stories opening the collection.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0