Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 48.45

At the Eastern Monastery (1st)

Paṭhamapubbārāmasutta — Jarāvagga

Setting
Sāvatthī, the stilt longhouse of Migāra's mother in the Eastern Monastery — the same location as SN 48.41
Speakers
The Buddha, addressing the mendicants directly
Form
A question posed and deferred, then answered with a striking single-faculty claim
Length
<1 minute to read
Northern parallel
No individual parallel confirmed by this project's own check
Significance
★★★★★ — a genuinely striking claim: only ONE faculty need be developed for full enlightenment, the other four following naturally

Why this discourse

This discourse makes a claim genuinely distinct from every earlier teaching on the five faculties in this saṃyutta: only ONE faculty — wisdom — must be developed and cultivated for a mendicant to declare full enlightenment, because once a noble disciple has wisdom, the faith, energy, mindfulness, and immersion that “follow along with that” become stabilized on their own.

Reading guide

Only one faculty, not all five together

Confirmed by direct reading, this discourse departs from the pattern of treating the five spiritual faculties as jointly necessary: it states outright that developing and cultivating just ONE faculty — wisdom (paññā) — suffices for a mendicant to declare the classic arahant formula, “rebirth is ended, the spiritual journey has been completed … there is nothing further for this place.”

The other four faculties, stabilized rather than required

Confirmed by direct reading, this discourse's own reasoning is that the remaining four faculties (saddhā, vīriya, sati, samādhi) “follow along with” (tadanvayā) wisdom and “become stabilized” (saṇṭhāti) once wisdom is genuinely present in a noble disciple — not eliminated or unnecessary, but naturally secured as a consequence of wisdom rather than requiring separate, parallel cultivation.

A setting echoing SN 48.41, title marked "(1st)"

This project's own honest observation: this discourse returns to the identical setting as SN 48.41 (the stilt longhouse of Migāra's mother in the Eastern Monastery), though its own text does not explicitly connect the two occasions. Its own title, “At the Eastern Monastery (1st),” signals a paired second discourse to follow, which this project will read fresh rather than assume in advance.

Key terms

katinaṁ … indriyānaṁ — “how many faculties” — the Buddha's own opening question to the mendicants
ekassa indriyassa — “of one faculty” — the striking answer: only one, not all five together
paññindriyaṁ — “the faculty of wisdom” — the single faculty singled out as sufficient
tadanvayā saddhā saṇṭhāti — “the faith that follows along with that becomes stabilized” — the pattern repeated for energy, mindfulness, and immersion as well
Pañcamaṁ — “the fifth” — the closing colophon marker, confirming this as the vagga's fifth discourse

The text

The complete discourse. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1 — the Buddha's own questionSo I have heard. At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in the stilt longhouse of Migāra’s mother in the Eastern Monastery. There the Buddha addressed the mendicants: “Mendicants, how many faculties must a mendicant develop and cultivate so that they can declare enlightenment: ‘I understand: “Rebirth is ended, the spiritual journey has been completed, what had to be done has been done, there is nothing further for this place”’?”

§2 — the answer: wisdom alone suffices“Our teachings are rooted in the Buddha. …” “A mendicant must develop and cultivate one faculty so that they can declare enlightenment. What one? The faculty of wisdom. When a noble disciple has wisdom, the faith, energy, mindfulness, and immersion that follow along with that become stabilized. This is the one faculty that a mendicant must develop and cultivate so that they can declare enlightenment: ‘I understand: “Rebirth is ended, the spiritual journey has been completed, what had to be done has been done, there is nothing further for this place”’.”

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Self-check quiz

3 questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 3
How many faculties does this discourse say must be developed for a mendicant to declare full enlightenment?
Correct: A. A genuinely striking claim, distinct from treating the five faculties as jointly necessary.
Question 2 of 3
What happens to the other four faculties once wisdom is present, according to this discourse?
Correct: A. Not eliminated, but naturally secured as a consequence of wisdom's own presence.
Question 3 of 3
What does this discourse's own setting share with SN 48.41?
Correct: A. An honest observation, not an assumed narrative connection.
Answered 0 of 3 · Correct 0