Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 48.67

A Tree (1st)

Paṭhamarukkhasutta — Bodhipakkhiyavagga

Setting
Not given — matching this vagga's own recurring bare structure
Speakers
The Buddha (implied)
Form
A simile: the black plum tree of Jambudīpa
Length
<1 minute to read
Northern parallel
No individual parallel confirmed by this project's own check
Significance
★★★★☆ — the first discourse in this sequence to explicitly define this vagga's own name, “bodhipakkhiyā dhammā”

Why this discourse

This discourse finally defines, in the text's own words, the term this vagga has carried as its own name since SN 48.61 without direct explanation: “bodhipakkhiyā dhammā,” the “qualities on the side of awakening,” are here identified as the five faculties themselves — and wisdom is named, by simile, as the foremost among them.

Reading guide

This vagga's own name, finally defined by the text itself

Confirmed by direct reading, this discourse's own question-and-answer — “Katame ca, bhikkhave, bodhipakkhiyā dhammā?” (“And what are the qualities on the side of awakening?”) — answers, for the first time in this sequence, the very term this project has used throughout SN 48.61-66 as this vagga's own name without the text yet having explained it directly.

The black plum tree: wisdom as foremost

As general canonical background, not asserted beyond what this discourse's own bare text states: “Jambudīpa” (“Black Plum Tree Land,” i.e. the Indian subcontinent) is said to take its own name from the jambu (black plum, or rose-apple) tree, held to be the finest of all its trees — the simile places the faculty of wisdom in that same foremost position among the five bodhipakkhiyā dhammā.

Paṭhama, again: a pattern now recognized

This project's own observation, drawing directly on the confirmed pairing of SN 48.65-66: this discourse's own title again carries “Paṭhama” (“first”), a pattern this project has learned to flag rather than assume — the existence and content of any companion discourse to be confirmed only by directly reading SN 48.68 when reached.

Key terms

bodhipakkhiyā dhammā — “qualities on the side of awakening” — this vagga's own name, here explicitly defined as the five faculties themselves
jambudīpakā rukkhā, jambū tesaṁ aggamakkhāyati — “of all the trees in the Black Plum Tree Land, the black plum is said to be the best” — the discourse's own simile
paññindriyaṁ...aggamakkhāyati — “the faculty of wisdom is said to be the best” — the simile's own point
bodhāya saṁvattati — “leads to becoming awakened” — the defining function shared by all five bodhipakkhiyā dhammā
Sattamaṁ — “the seventh” — the closing colophon marker, confirming this as the vagga's seventh discourse

The text

The complete discourse. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1“Mendicants, of all the trees in the Black Plum Tree Land, the black plum is said to be the best. In the same way, the faculty of wisdom is said to be the best of the qualities on the side of awakening; that is, for becoming awakened. And what are the qualities on the side of awakening? The faculties of faith, energy, mindfulness, immersion, and wisdom are qualities on the side of awakening, in that they lead to becoming awakened. Of all the trees in the Black Plum Tree Land, the black plum is said to be the best. In the same way, the faculty of wisdom is said to be the best of the qualities on the side of awakening; that is, for becoming awakened.”

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Self-check quiz

3 questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 3
What does this discourse do that no prior discourse in this sequence has done?
Correct: A. The text's own question-and-answer finally answers a term used without definition since SN 48.61.
Question 2 of 3
What does the black plum tree simile illustrate, as general canonical background?
Correct: A. The jambu tree gives Jambudīpa its own name, just as wisdom is named foremost here.
Question 3 of 3
What does this project note about the title "Paṭhamarukkha" ("first tree")?
Correct: A. A now-recognized pattern, still to be confirmed rather than assumed.
Answered 0 of 3 · Correct 0