Saṃyutta Nikāya · Discourse 7.14

A Well-to-do Brahmin

Mahāsālasutta

Setting
At Sāvatthī
Speakers
An unnamed well-to-do brahmin and the Buddha
Form
A domestic grievance, verses composed for public recitation, and a reversal of fortune
Length
~4.5 minutes to read
Northern parallel
A rough counterpart may exist in the Chinese Saṃyukta-āgama (T99), though this reading guide does not assert a specific matching sutra number
Difficulty
★★★☆☆ — a vivid domestic story with unusually bitter verses

Why this discourse

This discourse leaves behind questions of caste, ritual, and philosophy for something starkly domestic: a wealthy brahmin, reduced to a shabby cloak, explains that his own four sons expelled him from his house at their wives' urging. Rather than offering comfort, the Buddha teaches him verses of startling bitterness — calling the sons ‘monsters in the shape of sons’ and declaring his walking staff more loyal than any of them — and instructs him to recite these in the full public council hall, in front of his sons. The strategy works immediately and completely: the brahmin is welcomed home, bathed, and richly clothed, and returns to offer the Buddha a portion of his restored wealth as a teacher's fee.

Reading guide

A grievance stripped of philosophical framing

Unlike this vagga's discourses on giving, purity, or farming, this one begins with a simple, painful domestic fact — a father's own household turning him out — treated with no doctrinal frame at all before the Buddha responds.

A teaching delivered as a weapon for public use

The Buddha doesn't console the brahmin privately or offer an abstract teaching on family; he composes specific verses and instructs him exactly how and where to use them — memorized, then recited before ‘a large crowd’ in the council hall, with his sons present to hear it.

Bitterness stated without euphemism

The verses don't soften their accusation; sons who called their father ‘dear old Dad’ are named outright as ‘monsters in the shape of sons’, and the comparison to being chased out ‘like hounds after hogs’ carries genuine sting rather than gentle reproach.

A walking staff elevated above disobedient children

The verses' central image — that even a staff is more loyal than these sons, since it wards off wild bulls and dogs, steadies him in darkness, and holds firm footing in deep water — makes the comparison concrete rather than abstract, an inanimate object doing more for him than his own children.

An exception to the vagga's usual refusal of gifts

Where SN 7.8, 7.9, and 7.11 all show the Buddha refusing food offered in exchange for a verse, here he accepts a portion of the brahmin's restored wealth as a ‘tutor's fee’, explicitly ‘out of sympathy’ — a different kind of gift, offered in gratitude rather than religious exchange, treated differently as a result.

Key terms

lūkho lūkhapāvuraṇo — “shabby, wearing a shabby cloak” — the brahmin's degraded appearance opening the discourse.
dārehi sampuccha gharā nikkhāmenti — “at their wives' bidding they expelled me from my house” — the central grievance driving the entire discourse.
rakkhasā puttarūpena — “monsters in the shape of sons” — the verses' harshest, most direct line.
daṇḍova kira me seyyo — “even my staff is better [than my sons]” — the central bitter comparison, made concrete through the staff's practical loyalty.
paṭiggahesi bhagavā anukampaṁ upādāya — “the Buddha accepted it out of sympathy” — a notable exception to this vagga's usual refusal of offered gifts.

The text

The discourse in full. A repeated block of verses, identical to those the Buddha first taught the brahmin, is elided in the source when he recites them publicly, and is not reconstructed a second time here. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1At Sāvatthī. Then a certain well-to-do brahmin, shabby, wearing a shabby cloak, went up to the Buddha, and exchanged greetings with him. When the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side. The Buddha said to him, “Brahmin, why are you so shabby, wearing a shabby cloak?” “Worthy Gotama, I have four sons. At their wives’ bidding they expelled me from my house.” “Well then, brahmin, memorize these verses and recite them to your sons when you are all seated in the council hall with a large crowd.

§2‘I was overjoyed when they were born, and wished prosperity for them. But at their wives’ bidding they chased me out, like hounds after hogs.

§3It turns out they’re wicked, those nasty men, though they called me their dear old Dad. They’re monsters in the shape of sons, throwing me out as I’ve grown old.

§4Like an old, useless horse led away from its fodder, the elderly father of those kids begs for alms at others’ homes.

§5Even my staff is better than those disobedient sons, for it wards off a wild bull, and even a wild dog.

§6It goes before me in the dark; in deep waters it finds a footing. By the wonderful power of this staff, when I stumble, I stand firm again.’”

§7Having memorized those verses in the Buddha’s presence, the brahmin recited them to his sons when they were all seated in the council hall with a large crowd. …

§8Then the brahmin’s sons led him back home, bathed him, and each clothed him with a fine pair of garments. Then the brahmin, taking one pair of garments, went to the Buddha and exchanged greetings with him. When the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side and said to the Buddha: “Worthy Gotama, we brahmins seek a fee for our tutor. May the worthy Gotama please accept my tutor’s fee!” So the Buddha accepted it out of sympathy. Then the well-to-do brahmin said to the Buddha, “Excellent, worthy Gotama … From this day forth, may the worthy Gotama remember me as a lay follower who has gone for refuge for life.”

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What grievance does the brahmin bring to the Buddha?
Correct: A. A painful domestic fact, treated with no doctrinal frame at first.
Question 2 of 10
How does the Buddha respond to this grievance?
Correct: A. A teaching delivered as a practical tool, not an abstract comfort.
Question 3 of 10
Where does the Buddha instruct the brahmin to recite these verses?
Correct: A. Designed for maximum public effect, not private reflection.
Question 4 of 10
How do the verses describe the sons?
Correct: A. Bitterness stated without euphemism or softening.
Question 5 of 10
What does the verse claim is more loyal than the sons?
Correct: A. A concrete, practical comparison — the staff wards off danger and steadies him.
Question 6 of 10
What happens after the brahmin recites the verses publicly?
Correct: A. An immediate and complete reversal of fortune.
Question 7 of 10
What does the brahmin offer the Buddha after being welcomed home?
Correct: A. A traditional brahminical gesture of gratitude toward a teacher.
Question 8 of 10
How does the Buddha's acceptance of this gift compare to his response in SN 7.8, 7.9, and 7.11?
Correct: A. A different kind of gift, offered in gratitude rather than religious exchange.
Question 9 of 10
On what stated grounds does the Buddha accept the tutor's fee?
Correct: A. Anukampaṁ upādāya — an explicitly stated motive of compassion.
Question 10 of 10
What outcome does the brahmin reach at the discourse's close?
Correct: A. Continuing this vagga's established pattern of lay conversion.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0