Theragatha · 10.4

Cūḷapanthaka

Cūḷapanthaka — The Book of the Tens · Chapter One · Poem 4 of 7

Setting
A monastery gate, then the Buddha's own instruction and its results
Speaker
Cūḷapanthaka, recounting rejection, a simple practice, and an extraordinary display
Form
Ten four-line verses, in clear chronological sequence
Length
under 1 minute to read
Northern parallel
This reading guide does not assert a specific matching text for this poem in other Buddhist literatures.
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — plain narrative vocabulary, one striking supernatural episode

Why this text

‘My progress was slow, I was despised in the past. Even my brother turned me away, saying, “Go home now”,’ Cūḷapanthaka opens — confirming, in his own words, the family connection this reading guide could only note cautiously in Thag 8.3, his brother Mahāpanthaka's own poem. What follows is one of this collection's most memorable individual stories: a single clean cloth, given as a meditation object, and, later, a thousand mind-made images of himself sitting in a mango grove.

Reading guide

A rejection, confirmed directly by the poem itself

Thag 8.3 (Mahāpanthaka) made no mention of a younger brother, and this reading guide noted the wider canon's connection between the two elders without asserting it from that poem's own text. Cūḷapanthaka's own verse settles the question directly: ‘bhātā ca maṁ paṇāmesi, gaccha dāni tuvaṁ gharaṁ’, ‘even my brother turned me away, saying, “Go home now”’. This is the confirming half of a connection this collection could only note tentatively before now.

A cloth, not a broom

The Buddha's remedy for Cūḷapanthaka's slow learning, as this poem tells it, is a single clean cloth: ‘focus your awareness exclusively on this clean cloth’. This differs from the broom (rajoharaṇa) more commonly associated with this story in later commentarial retellings; this poem's own version names the object as cloth, and this reading guide follows the poem's own text rather than the more familiar later account.

A touch, before any words of teaching

The third verse's sequence is notably tactile: ‘the Buddha came and touched my head... taking me by the arm, he brought me into the Saṅgha's monastery’. Before any verbal instruction is given, physical gesture alone begins the reversal of Cūḷapanthaka's rejection at the gate.

A thousand selves in a mango grove

The seventh verse describes an extraordinary feat with no elaboration or explanation: ‘I, Panthaka, created a thousand images of myself, and sat in the delightful mango grove until the time for the meal offering was announced’ — before flying through the air to answer the summons. The poem presents this psychic display as simply factual, without commenting on its own remarkableness, matching this collection's general pattern of stating attainments plainly rather than marveling at them.

From rejection to receiving offerings on behalf of all

The closing verse completes the reversal begun at the gate: ‘recipient of gifts from the whole world, receiver of sacrifices, field of merit for humanity, he received the religious donation’. The poem's arc moves from being turned away as unwanted to becoming himself a means by which others generate merit — the furthest possible distance from ‘go home now’.

Key terms

dandhā gatī — “slow progress” — Cūḷapanthaka's own description of his early difficulty with the teaching.
‘gaccha dāni tuvaṁ gharaṁ’ — “go home now” — his brother's own words, turning him away at the gate.
pādapuñchaniṅ — “foot-wiping cloth” — the simple meditation object the Buddha gave him, in this poem's own account.
sahassakkhattuṅ attānaṅ nimminitvāna — “creating a thousand images of myself” — the seventh verse's account of his psychic display in the mango grove.
puññakkhettaṅ manussānaṅ — “field of merit for humanity” — the closing verse's description of what he became, completing the reversal from rejection.

The text

The text in full: ten verses, with no separate attribution line in this chapter. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1My progress was slow, I was despised in the past. Even my brother turned me away, saying, “Go home now.”

§2Turned away at the gate of the Saṅgha’s monastery, I stood there sadly, longing for the dispensation.

§3Then the Buddha came and touched my head. Taking me by the arm, he brought me into the Saṅgha’s monastery.

§4The Teacher, out of sympathy, gave me a foot-wiping cloth, saying: “Focus your awareness exclusively on this clean cloth.”

§5After hearing his words, I happily did his bidding. I practiced meditative immersion for the attainment of the highest goal.

§6I know my past lives, my clairvoyance is clarified; I’ve attained the three knowledges, and fulfilled the Buddha’s instructions.

§7I, Panthaka, created a thousand images of myself, and sat in the delightful mango grove until the time for the meal offering was announced.

§8Then the teacher sent to me a messenger to announce the time. When the time was announced, I flew to him through the air.

§9I paid homage at the teacher’s feet, and sat to one side. When he knew I was seated, the teacher received the offering.

§10Recipient of gifts from the whole world, receiver of sacrifices, field of merit for humanity, he received the religious donation.

· · ·

Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What does Cūḷapanthaka's own poem say his brother did to him?
Correct: D. Confirming directly what this reading guide could only note cautiously in Thag 8.3, his brother's own poem.
Question 2 of 10
How does this poem's own account of the Buddha's remedy differ from the more familiar later retelling?
Correct: A. This reading guide follows the poem's own text rather than the more familiar later account.
Question 3 of 10
What happens before any verbal instruction, in the third verse?
Correct: B. Physical gesture alone begins the reversal of his rejection at the gate.
Question 4 of 10
What extraordinary feat does the seventh verse describe?
Correct: C. Presented as simply factual, without commenting on its own remarkableness.
Question 5 of 10
How does the poem present this psychic display?
Correct: D. The poem states the feat directly, leaving the reader to register its strangeness unassisted.
Question 6 of 10
How does Cūḷapanthaka return from the mango grove, according to the eighth verse?
Correct: A. 'Paveditamhi kālamhi, vehāsādupasaṅkamiṁ.'
Question 7 of 10
What does the closing verse say Cūḷapanthaka became?
Correct: B. The furthest possible distance from being turned away at the gate.
Question 8 of 10
What does this poem's overall arc trace?
Correct: C. From 'go home now' to being a recipient of offerings from the whole world.
Question 9 of 10
What closing formula does the sixth verse use for Cūḷapanthaka's attainment?
Correct: D. The standard formula for full awakening, recurring throughout this collection.
Question 10 of 10
How did Cūḷapanthaka describe his own early standing, in the opening verse?
Correct: A. 'Dandhā mayhaṁ gatī āsi, paribhūto pure ahaṁ.'
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0