Theragatha · 7.1

Sundarasamudda

Sundarasamudda — The Book of the Sevens · Chapter One · Poem 1 of 5

Setting
A courtesan's approach, without further attribution
Speaker
Sundarasamudda, narrating a seduction and its aftermath
Form
Seven verses, the third extended to six lines rather than four
Length
under 1 minute to read
Northern parallel
This reading guide does not assert a specific matching text for this poem in other Buddhist literatures.
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — vivid narrative, one notable textual peculiarity in its closing verses

Why this text

‘You're too young to go forth — come, stay in my teaching! Enjoy human sensual pleasures, I'll give you riches,’ a courtesan offers Sundarasamudda, promising even that they'll grow old and go forth together later, ‘holding a winning hand on both counts.’ The poem's final two verses, describing his breakthrough, survive in the Pali source only as an abbreviation — the first time in this collection the manuscript itself, not just the translation, leans on a stock formula rather than spelling it out.

Reading guide

A seduction narrated in specific, sensory detail

The opening two verses linger on physical detail unusual for this collection: jewelry, garland, makeup, brightly-rouged feet, slippers removed, palms joined in greeting, a soft and sweet voice. The courtesan's offer itself is equally concrete — riches now, and a promised joint retirement into renunciation later, ‘holding a winning hand on both counts’ — a proposal that tries to have it both ways.

A death-snare simile, now three times over

The fifth verse's closing image, ‘alaṅkataṁ suvasanaṁ, maccupāsaṁva oḍḍitaṁ’, ‘adorned with jewelry and all dressed up, set up like a snare of death’, is the identical phrase already found twice in this collection's Book of the Fours — once describing a professional dancer (Thag 4.1, Nāgasamāla) and once describing the speaker's own wife (Thag 4.9, Candana). This is now a third distinct woman, in a third distinct book, described with the exact same words.

A closing abbreviated in the source itself, not just repeated

The sixth and seventh verses' Pali text does not spell out its own words: the manuscript reads only ‘… pe … nibbidā samatiṭṭhatha’ and ‘… pe … kataṁ buddhassa sāsanan’ti’, using peyyāla (‘etc.’) notation to signal a stock formula the reader is expected to supply. This differs from every prior case of shared material in this collection, where each poem's own manuscript spells out its full text even when it duplicates another poem's wording — here, the Pali source itself declines to repeat it. Sujato's English translation reconstructs the implied words; the identical formula, written out in full, closes this site's own Thag 6.6 (Sappadāsa).

Opening a new book, a structure to confirm fresh

The Book of the Sevens holds five poems in a single chapter, per bilara-data — continuing the single-chapter pattern of the Threes, Fours, Fives, and Sixes, though this needed independent confirmation rather than assumption. Its baseline verse form is seven four-line verses; this poem's third verse, extending to six lines, is the book's first departure from that baseline.

A recurring shape: temptation followed by disillusionment

This poem's arc — an offer of pleasure and security, then a sudden collapse into nibbidā (disillusionment) — echoes the structural shape of several other poems across this collection without sharing their specific wording, joining a recognizable family of ‘near-miss’ narratives where a monk almost, but does not, turn back.

Key terms

vesikā — “courtesan” — the speaker in the poem's opening verses.
alaṅkataṅ suvasanaṅ, maccupāsaṅva oḍḍitaṅ — “adorned with jewelry and all dressed up, set up like a snare of death” — a phrase shared verbatim with Thag 4.1 and Thag 4.9.
peyyāla — the Pali convention of abbreviating a stock passage as ‘… pe …’, trusting the reader to supply the known formula — used in this poem's final two verses, the first such case in this collection's source text.
nibbidā samatiṭṭhatha — “firmly disillusioned” — the one phrase of the sixth verse's stock formula the manuscript does spell out.
tisso vijjā anuppattā — “I've attained the three knowledges” — part of the reconstructed closing formula, written out in full at this site's Thag 6.6.

The text

The text in full: seven verses, the third extended to six lines, with no separate attribution line in this chapter. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1Adorned with jewelry and all dressed up, with her garland and her makeup on, and her feet so brightly rouged: the courtesan was wearing slippers.

§2Taking off her slippers in front of me, her palms joined in greeting, smiling, she spoke to me so softly and so sweet:

§3“You’re too young to go forth—come, stay in my teaching! Enjoy human sensual pleasures, I’ll give you riches. I promise this is the truth—I swear it by the Sacred Flame.

§4And when we’ve grown old together, both of us leaning on staffs, we shall both go forth, and hold a winning hand on both counts.”

§5I saw the courtesan seducing me, her palms joined in greeting, adorned with jewelry and all dressed up, set up like a snare of death.

§6Then the realization came upon me—the danger became clear and I grew firmly disillusioned.

§7Then my mind was freed—see the excellence of the Dhamma! I’ve attained the three knowledges, and fulfilled the Buddha’s instructions.

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What does the courtesan offer Sundarasamudda in the third verse?
Correct: A. 'I'll give you riches... we shall both go forth, and hold a winning hand on both counts.'
Question 2 of 10
What image closes the fifth verse, describing the courtesan?
Correct: B. The identical phrase already found in Thag 4.1 and Thag 4.9, describing two other women.
Question 3 of 10
How many times, including this poem, has this exact death-snare phrase now appeared in this collection?
Correct: C. Thag 4.1 (a dancer), Thag 4.9 (a wife), and now Thag 7.1 (a courtesan).
Question 4 of 10
What is unusual about the Pali source text of the sixth and seventh verses?
Correct: D. The first case in this collection where the source manuscript, not just the translation, abbreviates rather than repeats.
Question 5 of 10
Where is the formula implied by this poem's abbreviation written out in full on this site?
Correct: A. Sujato's English translation reconstructs the implied words from this known stock formula.
Question 6 of 10
How does this poem's structure compare to the book's baseline?
Correct: B. The Book of the Sevens' baseline is seven four-line verses; this poem departs from it once.
Question 7 of 10
How many poems make up the Book of the Sevens, and in how many chapters?
Correct: C. Confirmed fresh against bilara-data, following the established pattern of recent books.
Question 8 of 10
What does the courtesan do just before making her offer, in the second verse?
Correct: D. A gesture of respect preceding her seductive proposal.
Question 9 of 10
What recurring narrative shape does this poem share with several others in this collection?
Correct: A. A recognizable family of 'near-miss' narratives, without sharing specific wording.
Question 10 of 10
What phrase does the sixth verse's Pali manuscript spell out in full, despite the surrounding abbreviation?
Correct: B. The closing phrase of the stock formula, even as its opening is abbreviated.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0