Theragatha · 15.1

Koṇḍañña Who Understood

Aññāsikoṇḍañña — The Book of the Sixteens · Chapter One · Poem 1 of 2

Setting
General reflection, opening with a memory of the first sermon
Speaker
Koṇḍañña, with one verse of another elder's praise embedded within his own poem
Form
Sixteen verses, several abbreviated in the Pali source
Length
under 1 minute to read
Northern parallel
This reading guide does not assert a specific matching text for this poem in other Buddhist literatures.
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — plain vocabulary, unusually significant historical standing

Why this text

‘My confidence grew as I heard the teaching, so full of flavor. Dispassion is what was taught, without any grasping at all’ — Koṇḍañña opens, recalling the very moment that made him the first person in history to understand the Buddha's teaching, at the first sermon. His epithet, ‘Aññāsi’, ‘he understood’, commemorates the Buddha's own exclamation on witnessing it.

Reading guide

A book number that skips a size, and the reason why

This site's file and citation numbering continues sequentially from Book 14 to Book 15, but this book's actual name is ‘Soḷasakanipāta’, the Book of the Sixteens: no elder in this collection happens to have exactly fifteen verses attributed to them, so the traditional numbering of nipātas by book-count simply has no fifteenth size to name — it moves directly from fourteen-verse poems to sixteen-verse ones, while this site's own sequential citation (following SuttaCentral's own file numbering) still calls this ‘Thag 15’. This reading guide flags the mismatch directly rather than silently calling it ‘the Book of the Fifteens’, which would misdescribe its actual verse count.

The first person in history to understand

Koṇḍañña's own epithet, ‘Aññāsi’, ‘he understood’, commemorates the exact moment the Buddha exclaimed over him at the first sermon — already documented on this site's own AN 1.188–197, which names ‘Koṇḍañña Who Understood’ as ‘foremost in long standing’, ‘the first of the five ascetics to grasp the first teaching’. This poem's opening verse, ‘my confidence grew as I heard the teaching’, is very plausibly a direct memory of that founding event.

A triad on impermanence, suffering, and non-self

The fourth through sixth verses form a tight formulaic triad, each identical but for a single opening word: ‘all conditions are impermanent’, ‘all conditions are suffering’, ‘all things are not-self’, each closing ‘when this is seen with wisdom, one grows disillusioned with suffering: this is the path to purity’. The three characteristics (tilakkhaṇa) of existence, run through in sequence as a single formula rather than treated separately.

Another elder's praise, embedded inside his own poem

The seventh verse abruptly shifts into third person: ‘the senior monk awakened after the Buddha, Koṇḍañña, is keenly energetic’. Sujato's comment identifies this verse's first two lines as words originally spoken by Vaṅgīsa about Koṇḍañña, already found on this site's own SN 8.9, With Koṇḍañña, and also preserved in Vaṅgīsa's own much later verses (Thag 21.1, not yet reached in this collection). Someone else's praise, spoken on a separate occasion, has been folded directly into what otherwise reads as Koṇḍañña's own first-person testimony.

An elephant at the head of battle, enduring mosquitoes

The twelfth verse's image is memorably homely rather than grand: pestered by flies and mosquitoes in the wilderness, ‘one should mindfully endure, like an elephant at the head of the battle’ — the same register as the eleventh verse's unglamorous physical description, ‘knobbly knees, thin and veiny’, ‘this person's spirit is undaunted’.

This collection's most repeated closing sequence, extended further

Verses thirteen and fourteen reproduce the ‘worker waiting for their wages’ closing couplet-pair already found in full at Thag 11.1 (Saṅkicca) and Thag 14.1 (Revata), abbreviated here with peyyāla — the third instance of this specific Pali-source shorthand in this collection, after Thag 7.1 and Thag 14.1. The fifteenth verse then abbreviates a further shared formula, ‘the heavy burden is laid down, the leash to existence is eradicated’, which appeared written out in full in both Thag 11.1 and Thag 14.1 — the first time this particular sub-formula has itself been abbreviated rather than spelled out.

A closing line unlike any other in this collection

Rather than this collection's more common ‘sabbasaṁyojanakkhayo’, ‘the ending of all fetters’, this poem's final line asks a pointed rhetorical question: ‘kiṁ me saddhivihārinā’, ‘what use do I have for protégés?’ — a senior, foundational figure declining even the role of teacher to resident students, closing on solitary disposition rather than communal standing.

Key terms

Aññāsi — “he understood” — the epithet commemorating the Buddha's own exclamation when Koṇḍañña grasped the first teaching.
sabbe saṅkhārā aniccāti — “all conditions are impermanent” — the first of the three-characteristics triad in verses four through six.
Buddhānubuddho — “awakened after the Buddha” — the opening phrase of Vaṅgīsa's praise, embedded as this poem's seventh verse.
nāgo saṅgāmasīseva — “like an elephant at the head of the battle” — the image for enduring hardship in the wilderness.
kiṁ me saddhivihārinā — “what use do I have for protégés?” — this poem's distinctive closing line, unlike any other closing formula in this collection.

The text

The text in full: sixteen verses, several abbreviated in the Pali source, with no separate attribution line in this chapter. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1“My confidence grew as I heard the teaching, so full of flavor. Dispassion is what was taught, without any grasping at all.”

§2“There are so many pretty things in this vast territory. They disturb one’s thoughts, it seems to me, attractive, provoking lust.

§3Just as a rain cloud would settle the dust blown up by the wind, so thoughts settle down when seen with wisdom.

§4All conditions are impermanent—when this is seen with wisdom one grows disillusioned with suffering: this is the path to purity.

§5All conditions are suffering—when this is seen with wisdom one grows disillusioned with suffering: this is the path to purity.

§6All things are not-self—when this is seen with wisdom one grows disillusioned with suffering: this is the path to purity.”

§7“The senior monk awakened after the Buddha, Koṇḍañña, is keenly energetic. He has given up birth and death, and has completed the spiritual journey.”

§8“There are floods, snares, and strong posts, and a mountain hard to crack; snapping the posts and snares, breaking the mountain so hard to break, crossing over to the far shore, a meditator is freed from Māra’s bonds.

§9When a mendicant is haughty and fickle, relying on bad friends, they sink down in the great flood, overcome by a wave.

§10But one not restless or fickle, alert, with senses restrained, intelligent, with good friends, makes an end of suffering.

§11With knobbly knees, thin and veiny, eating and drinking in moderation—this person’s spirit is undaunted.

§12Pestered by flies and mosquitoes in the wilds, the formidable forest, one should mindfully endure, like an elephant at the head of the battle.

§13I don’t long for death; I don’t long for life; I await my time, like a worker waiting for their wages.

§14I don’t long for death; I don’t long for life; I await my time, aware and mindful.

§15I’ve served the teacher and fulfilled the Buddha’s instructions. The heavy burden is laid down, the leash to existence is eradicated.

§16I’ve attained the goal for the sake of which I went forth from the lay life to homelessness—what use do I have for protégés?”

· · ·

Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
Why does this book's citation number ('Thag 15') not match its actual name?
Correct: A. This is actually 'Soḷasakanipāta', the Book of the Sixteens, per its own text.
Question 2 of 10
What does Koṇḍañña's own epithet, 'Aññāsi', commemorate?
Correct: B. Already documented on this site's own AN 1.188–197, which names him 'foremost in long standing.'
Question 3 of 10
What do the fourth through sixth verses form together?
Correct: C. Each verse identical but for a single opening word, closing on the same refrain.
Question 4 of 10
What does Sujato's comment identify about the seventh verse?
Correct: D. Someone else's praise, spoken on a separate occasion, folded directly into Koṇḍañña's own first-person testimony.
Question 5 of 10
What image does the twelfth verse use for enduring mosquitoes and flies in the wilderness?
Correct: A. The same homely register as the eleventh verse's unglamorous physical description.
Question 6 of 10
What closing sequence do verses thirteen through fifteen reproduce, in abbreviated form?
Correct: B. The third instance in this collection of peyyāla abbreviation, after Thag 7.1 and Thag 14.1.
Question 7 of 10
What is new about this poem's use of abbreviation, compared to Thag 11.1 and Thag 14.1?
Correct: C. The first time this particular sub-formula has itself been abbreviated rather than spelled out.
Question 8 of 10
What does this poem's final line ask, unlike this collection's more common closing formula?
Correct: D. Closing on solitary disposition rather than communal standing, unlike any other closing formula in this collection.
Question 9 of 10
What does the eleventh verse say about Koṇḍañña's physical appearance?
Correct: A. A vivid, unglamorous image paired with unshaken resolve.
Question 10 of 10
What warning does the ninth verse give?
Correct: B. 'Saṁsīdati mahoghasmiṁ, ūmiyā paṭikujjito.'
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0