Theragatha · 5.9

Vijitasena

Vijitasena — The Book of the Fives · Chapter One · Poem 9 of 12

Setting
A direct address to the speaker's own mind, without a translated attribution
Speaker
Vijitasena, taming his mind through three escalating images
Form
Five four-line verses — caging, an elephant tamed, a horse tamed, and a final binding by mindfulness
Length
under 1 minute to read
Northern parallel
This reading guide does not assert a specific matching text for this poem in other Buddhist literatures.
Difficulty
★★☆☆☆ — vivid extended metaphor across three animals

Why this text

‘I'll cage you, mind, like an elephant in a stockade’, Vijitasena opens — escalating through a wild elephant won over by a trainer's hook and a thoroughbred tamed by a skilled charioteer, before binding the mind with mindfulness itself: ‘you won't go far from here’.

Reading guide

A second mind-address poem, sharing an exact term with the first

This poem joins Thag 2.47 (Anūpama) as this collection's other poem directly addressing the speaker's own mind — and the two share more than genre. Both use the identical term cittakali, ‘loser mind’ (citta, ‘mind’, plus kali, a losing throw in dice): Anūpama declares ‘I declare you the loser mind!’, and this poem warns ‘loser mind, you won't wander again and again, bullying, in love with wickedness’. The same specific coinage, not just a shared theme, links the two poems directly.

Three similes, escalating in method

The poem's central images build in sophistication: first simply caged, ‘like an elephant in a stockade’; then a wild elephant ‘won over against its will’ by a trainer's hook; then a thoroughbred horse tamed by ‘a fine charioteer, skilled in the taming of fine horses’. Each simile adds a skilled human agent absent from the last, moving from brute confinement to expert training.

The final binding, without an animal at all

The closing verse drops the animal imagery entirely: ‘I'll bind you with mindfulness... kept in check by harnessed energy’. Having built the poem's case through three progressively skilled tamings, the final restraint named is not an external trainer's technique but the practitioner's own mindfulness and energy — the metaphor's logical endpoint, where the tamer and the training method become the same thing.

Key terms

āṇidvāreva hatthinaṁ — “like an elephant in a stockade” — the poem's opening image for caging the mind.
cittakali — “loser mind” — the exact term shared with Thag 2.47 (Anūpama)'s own mind-address.
navaggahamaṅkusaggaho — “a strong trainer with a hook” — taking a wild, newly captured elephant, in the third verse.
varahayadamakusalo — “a fine charioteer, skilled in the taming... of fine horses” — the fourth verse's simile.
satiyā... vīriyadhuraniggahito — “bound with mindfulness... kept in check by harnessed energy” — the final restraint, with no animal image at all.

The text

The text in full: five verses, with no separate attribution line in this chapter. Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0, SuttaCentral).

§1I’ll cage you, mind, like an elephant in a stockade. Born of the flesh, that net of the senses, I won’t urge you to do bad.

§2Caged, you won’t go anywhere, like an elephant who can’t find an open gate. Loser mind, you won’t wander again and again, bullying, in love with wickedness.

§3Just as a strong trainer with a hook takes a wild, newly captured elephant and wins it over against its will, so I’ll win you over.

§4Just as a fine charioteer, skilled in the taming of fine horses, tames a thoroughbred, so I’ll tame you, firmly established in the five powers.

§5I’ll bind you with mindfulness; devout, I shall tame you; kept in check by harnessed energy, mind, you won’t go far from here.

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Self-check quiz

Ten questions. Click an answer to see immediate feedback. No score is recorded — this is for your own checking.

Question 1 of 10
What does the poem address directly, from its first line?
Correct: C. 'I'll cage you, mind, like an elephant in a stockade.'
Question 2 of 10
What exact term does this poem share with Thag 2.47 (Anūpama)?
Correct: B. The same specific coinage, not just a shared theme.
Question 3 of 10
How do the poem's three main similes relate to each other?
Correct: D. Each adds a more skilled human agent than the last.
Question 4 of 10
What does the third verse's simile describe?
Correct: A. Balavā āvatteti akāmaṁ — won over against its will.
Question 5 of 10
What does the fourth verse's simile describe?
Correct: B. Varahayadamakusalo — skilled in the taming of fine horses.
Question 6 of 10
What restraint does the poem's final verse name, unlike the earlier verses?
Correct: C. The metaphor's logical endpoint — the tamer and the method become the same thing.
Question 7 of 10
What does 'cittakali' mean?
Correct: A. A losing throw in dice, applied to the mind as a term of defeat.
Question 8 of 10
What does the mind stand accused of, in the second verse?
Correct: B. Pasakka pāparato carissasi.
Question 9 of 10
What does the first verse say the mind, born of the flesh, is called?
Correct: A. Kāmajāla sarīraja.
Question 10 of 10
Where does this poem fall in the Book of the Fives?
Correct: D. Following Rājadatta through Vakkali.
Answered 0 of 10 · Correct 0