Aśvaghoṣa · Paramārtha · 大乘起信論

Awakening of Faith in the Mahāyāna.

One mind, two gates. The Dasheng Qixin Lun is the single treatise that did the most to fuse tathāgatagarbha thought with Yogācāra psychology, giving Chinese Buddhism the architecture — original enlightenment, actualized enlightenment, non-enlightenment, the ālayavijñāna as "neither one nor different" from suchness — that Chan, Tiantai, and Huayan would spend the next thousand years responding to. This site's Yogācāra corpus has long been complete; the tathāgatagarbha line was, until now, its largest gap. This collection translates the whole of Paramārtha's sixth-century version (T1666) across ten pages, with reading notes drawn throughout from Fazang's own commentary, the Dasheng Qixin Lun Yiji (T1846).

How to read this collection

This is a single, short treatise — about 10,600 Chinese characters in its own text, not counting the later commentator's colophon and the sūtra source's front matter — read across ten pages rather than one, because its argument is dense enough that a single long page would bury the reading notes a reader actually needs. Two Chinese translations of this treatise survive: Paramārtha's from 553 (T1666) and Śikṣānanda's from the early eighth century (T1667). This collection translates only Paramārtha's version, the one Fazang's commentary is keyed to and the one later tradition treats as standard whenever "the Awakening of Faith" is invoked without further qualification.

Each page carries a continuous run of the base text, matched paragraph by paragraph against Ru-Yi's English translation, with reading notes drawn from Fazang's own line-by-line exegesis wherever his commentary addresses the passage directly — which, across three fascicles of commentary running roughly six times the length of the root text itself, is nearly everywhere.

What each page includes

  • The Chinese source text beside our English translation, verified against the base text for full coverage.
  • Reading notes — "after Fazang" wherever his commentary directly addresses the passage, which is nearly always.
  • Cross-references tying the treatise's several overlapping classification schemes back together as they accumulate across pages.
  • Terminology matched to the site's existing Yogācāra pages where the same term already has an established rendering.
10 of 10 parts translated — complete
10,600+ Chinese characters of root text translated in full
T1846 Fazang's commentary, the source for every reading note

The Treatise's Own Structure

Five parts, named by the treatise itself in its opening lines. The middle part — "explanation" — is by far the largest, and is itself divided into three: revealing the true meaning, countering wrong attachments, and distinguishing the marks of the path.

Part 1 · 因緣分 / 立義分
Causes and Conditions; Establishing the Doctrine
Homage to the Three Jewels, the eight reasons the treatise was written — each, on Fazang's reading, a pointer to a specific later passage — and the doctrine of the One Mind stated in a single dense paragraph before it is unfolded.
Part 1 · complete
Part 2 · 解釋分・顯示正義
Explanation: Revealing the True Meaning
The treatise's largest section, over six pages: the two gates of mind, the ālayavijñāna, original and actualized enlightenment, non-enlightenment and the three subtle and six coarse marks, the mechanics of will and consciousness, the four kinds of habituation, and the tathāgatagarbha's own qualities and function.
Parts 2–7 · complete
Part 3 · 解釋分・對治邪執
Explanation: Countering Wrong Attachments
Five specific misreadings of the tathāgatagarbha doctrine just unfolded, corrected one by one, plus a sixth misreading proper to the two vehicles — closing with a dissolution of even the treatise's own positive vocabulary back into skillful means.
Part 8 · complete
Part 4 · 解釋分・分別發趣道相
Explanation: Distinguishing the Marks of the Path
How faith actually develops: three stages of a bodhisattva's resolve — faith perfected, understanding and practice, and realization — each with its own practices and its own scriptural passages needing reconciliation.
Part 9 · complete
Part 5 · 修行信心分 / 勸修利益分
Cultivating the Practice of Faith; Exhortation to Practice
Four kinds of faith and five concrete practices — giving, moral discipline, patience, vigor, and calming-and-contemplation, with detailed warnings against counterfeit meditative signs and a pure-land option for the fainthearted — closing with the treatise's own claim about what is at stake in taking it seriously.
Part 10 · complete

Translation Notes

Recurring terms, kept consistent across all ten parts. Where a term already has an established rendering elsewhere on this site's Yogācāra pages, we reuse it; where this treatise's own tathāgatagarbha vocabulary has no site precedent, we coin one here for future tathāgatagarbha-line texts to inherit. See the full translation notes for the complete glossary, and also this site's note on translation method.

一心,二門 — the One Mind, its two gatesMind as suchness (心真如門) and mind as arising-and-ceasing (心生滅門) — coined fresh for this collection; no prior site precedent.
如來藏 — tathāgatagarbhaLeft untranslated, matched to this site's existing Śūraṅgama pages.
阿梨耶識 — the ālayavijñānaParamārtha's own transliteration (distinct from the 阿賴耶識 spelling used elsewhere on this site); same consciousness, same English rendering.
本覺 / 始覺 / 不覺 — original / actualized / non-enlightenmentCoined fresh for this collection; no prior site precedent for this specific triad.
三細 / 六麁 — the three subtle marks, the six coarse marksMatched to the precedent already set on this site's Śūraṅgama-sūtra jiǎngyì pages, which explicitly cite this treatise's own framework.
體大 / 相大 / 用大 — the greatness of essence, attributes, and functionCoined fresh for this collection; no prior site precedent for this specific triad.
真如 — suchnessMatched to this site's existing Yogācāra pages.
熏習 — habituationMatched to this site's existing Yogācāra pages (vāsanā).