Vairocana Buddha · Kumārajīva · 梵網經

The Ground Every Precept Stands On.

The Brahmajāla Sūtra — the Brahma Net Sutra — is the classical source of the ten major and forty-eight minor bodhisattva precepts: a single surviving chapter of a vast lost original, transmitted because three hundred people at its own translation asked to keep it as their core text. This page is the entrance for reading it chapter by chapter.

How to read this collection

Each chapter is treated as a study unit, with the classical Chinese and our own fresh English translation set side by side, followed by reading notes drawn from the commentary tradition.

Our interpretive choices follow Elder Master Wei Sung's commentary on the sutra, translated in serialized form by Bhikshuni Heng Tao for Vajra Bodhi Sea — the only commentary on this text we have found freely available online in English in full. Where precise technical terms need checking, we cross-reference the modern scholarly translation by A. Charles Muller and Kenneth K. Tanaka, published in the BDK English Tripiṭaka.

What each essay will include

  • Chinese source text beside a fresh English translation.
  • Reading notes drawn from Elder Master Wei Sung's commentary.
  • Consistent renderings of technical precept terms.
  • Cross-references to the BDK Tripiṭaka translation where terminology is contested.
10 major precepts, 48 minor precepts
1 chapter surviving from a lost 61-chapter original

Read by Chapter

Use this as the table of contents for the sutra. The text opens with the title and the meaning of "Mind Ground," then the assembly's own narrative, the forty stages of the bodhisattva path named by Vairocana Buddha, and finally the ten major and forty-eight minor precepts themselves — the portion most communities recite in full.

Chapter 1 Read Ru-Yi's translation One chapter surviving from a vast lost original, and all five parts of the classical preface method — title, substance, gist, function, and classification — closing with what "Mind Ground" actually means. Chapter 2 Read Ru-Yi's translation The sutra's own narrative opens: Śākyamuni's unexplained radiance, the ascent to Vairocana Buddha's Lotus Treasury World, the vow behind a thousand emanated Śākyamunis, and the forty mind-gates named for the first time. Chapter 3 Read Ru-Yi's translation The Ten Minds of Development (十發趣心), in full — from the mind of giving up through the summit mind, each one opening as a familiar virtue and closing by dissolving into the samādhi of emptiness. Chapter 4 Read Ru-Yi's translation The Ten Minds of Long Nurturing (十長養心), in full — loving-kindness, compassion, joy, giving up, giving, kind speech, benefiting, working alongside, emptiness, and wisdom. Chapter 5 Read Ru-Yi's translation The Ten Vajra Minds (十金剛心), in full — faith, mindfulness, dedication, penetrating illumination, directness, non-retreat, the Great Vehicle alone, no-mark, suchness-wisdom, and indestructibility, closing all thirty minds before the Ten Grounds. Chapter 6 Read Ru-Yi's translation The Ten Grounds (十地), in full — from the Ground of Equal Nature to the Ground of Entering the Buddha's Realm, closing the forty mind-gates and the whole of the sutra's upper fascicle with Vairocana's own transmission of the teaching. Chapter 7 Read Ru-Yi's translation The lower fascicle opens: the precept preface, Śākyamuni's own retelling with the sūtra's most famous verse, and the first five of the ten major precepts — killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, false speech, and selling intoxicants. Chapter 8 Read Ru-Yi's translation The remaining five major precepts — speaking of others' faults, self-praise and disparaging others, stinginess, holding onto anger, and slandering the Three Jewels — closing the full set of ten with the sūtra's own account of what is at stake. Chapter 9 Read Ru-Yi's translation Minor precepts 1 through 10, in full — respecting teachers, alcohol, meat, the five pungent roots, encouraging repentance, requesting the dharma, attending lectures, the great vehicle, caring for the sick, and not storing weapons. Chapter 10 Read Ru-Yi's translation Minor precepts 11 through 20, in full — refusing to act as a war envoy, arson, correct teaching, and closing with one of the sutra's most historically influential passages, the freeing of captive life. Chapter 11 Read Ru-Yi's translation Minor precepts 21 through 30, in full — renouncing revenge, judging teachers by merit not birth, self-ordination, right livelihood, and a warning against using philosophical sophistication as cover for misconduct. Chapter 12 Read Ru-Yi's translation Minor precepts 31 through 39, in full — ransoming captive Buddhists and sacred images, right livelihood, and the sutra's famous Ten Great Vows, still chanted in East Asian Buddhist liturgy today. Chapter 13 Read Ru-Yi's translation Minor precepts 40 through 48, closing the full forty-eight, and the sutra's own closing exhortation — completing the translation of the one chapter that survives, as Chapter 1 explains, from a vast lost original.